DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v14i4.50888

PENGARUH PENGALAMAN SENSORI IBU PADA MASA PRENATAL DAN POSTNATAL TERHADAP PREFERENSI RASA DAN RISIKO OBESITAS ANAK: LITERATUR REVIEW

Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 6 May 2025; Revised: 12 Sep 2025; Accepted: 15 Sep 2025; Available online: 30 Oct 2025; Published: 30 Oct 2025.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Childhood obesity is a global public health issue with an increasing prevalence. Taste preferences and dietary patterns formed early in life are key determinants in the development of obesity. Mothers play a central role in shaping children’s taste preferences, not only as the primary decision-makers in family food choices but also through their own sensory experiences, which indirectly influence the exposure to flavors and types of food introduced to children.

Objective: This narrative review aims to examine the influence of maternal sensory experiences during the prenatal and postnatal periods, including taste preferences and dietary patterns, on the development of children’s preferences for fatty, sweet, and salty tastes, and their association with obesity risk.

Methods: This review is a narrative synthesis of relevant scientific literature that discusses the influence of maternal sensory experiences during pregnancy and breastfeeding on the formation of children’s taste preferences.

Results: Various studies indicated that maternal sensory experiences, as reflected in dietary intake during pregnancy and breastfeeding, played an important role in shaping children’s taste preferences. Early food introduction also affected the acceptance or rejection of specific tastes, particularly fatty, sweet, and salty, which subsequently influenced children’s dietary patterns and contributes to long-term obesity risk.

Conclusion: Maternal sensory experiences play a central role in shaping children’s taste preferences, which can influence dietary patterns and obesity risk. Understanding this relationship is essential for designing more effective family-based nutritional interventions to prevent childhood obesity.

 

Keywords : Taste preference; maternal sensory experience; dietary pattern; childhood obesity

 

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Obesitas pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat. Preferensi rasa dan pola makan yang terbentuk sejak usia dini menjadi determinan penting dalam perkembangan obesitas. Ibu memiliki  peran sentral dalam pembentukan preferensi rasa anak, tidak hanya sebagai pengambil keputusan utama dalam pemilihan makanan keluarga, tetapi juga melalui pengalaman sensorik yang dimilikinya, yang secara tidak langsung memengaruhi paparan rasa dan jenis makanan yang diperkenalkan kepada anak.

Tujuan: Tinjauan naratif ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pengalaman sensorik ibu pada masa prenatal dan postnatal meliputi preferensi rasa dan pola makan dengan pembentukan preferensi rasa anak terhadap rasa berlemak, manis, dan asin, serta keterkaitannya dengan risiko obesitas.

Medode: Kajian ini merupakan tinjauan naratif terhadap literatur ilmiah yang relevan, yang membahas pengaruh pengalaman sensorik ibu selama periode prenatal dan postnatal terhadap perkembangan preferensi rasa anak.

Hasil: Berbagai studi menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman sensorik ibu, yang tercermin dari pola makan selama kehamilan dan menyusui, berperan penting dalam membentuk preferensi rasa anak. Pengenalan makanan sejak dini juga memengaruhi penerimaan atau penolakan terhadap rasa spesifik, khususnya makanan dengan rasa berlemak, manis, dan asin, yang selanjutnya berdampak pada pembentukan pola makan anak dan berkontribusi terhadap risiko obesitas jangka panjang.

Kesimpulan: Pengalaman sensorik ibu memiliki peran sentral dalam membentuk preferensi rasa anak, yang dapat memengaruhi pola makan dan risiko obesitas. Pemahaman terhadap hubungan ini penting untuk merancang intervensi gizi berbasis keluarga yang lebih efektif dalam upaya pencegahan obesitas anak.

 

Kata Kunci : Preferensi rasa; pengalaman sensori ibu; pola makan; obesitas anak

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Keywords: referensi rasa; pengalaman sensori ibu; pola makan; obesitas anak

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