DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v14i2.44440

HUBUNGAN POLA MAKAN, KONSUMSI SERAT, DAN LINGKAR PINGGANG DENGAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 PADA WANITA PRALANSIA DAN LANSIA DI PUSKESMAS BANDARHARJO KOTA SEMARANG

Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 19 Jul 2024; Revised: 25 Oct 2024; Accepted: 1 Nov 2024; Available online: 30 Apr 2025; Published: 30 Apr 2025.

Citation Format:
Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease whose prevalence continues to increase. Diabetes is the direct cause of 1.5 million deaths and 48% of all deaths due to diabetes that occurred before the age of 70 years in 2019. Puskesmas Bandarharjo is ranked in the top 5 with the highest number of DM cases in Semarang City. DM has risk factors, such as dietary pattern, fiber intake, and obesity.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between dietary pattern, fiber consumption and waist circumference with the incidence of Type 2 DM in pre-elderly and elderly women at the Puskesmas Bandarharjo, Semarang City.

Methods: This research is a case control design that carried out on female patients over 45 years old at the Bandarharjo Community Health Center, Semarang City, from February to March 2024. The total sample was 64 using a purposive sampling technique. Data of dietary patterns and fiber consumption were obtained through SQ-FFQ and DQI-I analysis, waist circumference was obtained using a measuring tape. Bivariate analysis with chi-square test.

Results: The results of the univariate test showed that most respondents had good diet quality (93.8%), low fiber consumption (90.6%), and excessive waist circumference (93.8%). Bivariate test results showed that the variables associated with the incidence of Type 2 DM were fiber consumption (p= 0.016 OR= 5.063) and waist circumference (p= 0.020 OR= 5.87).

Conclusion:  Fiber consumption and waist circumference are associated with the incidence of Type 2 DM.

Keywords : Diabetes mellitus; dietary pattern; fiber; waist circumference; women

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) adalah penyakit metabolik yang prevalensinya terus meningkat. DM menjadi penyebab langsung dari 1,5 juta kematian dan 48% dari seluruh kematian akibat diabetes yang terjadi sebelum usia 70 tahun di tahun 2019. Puskesmas Bandarharjo termasuk dalam peringkat 5 besar untuk jumlah kasus DM tertinggi di Kota Semarang. DM memiliki faktor resiko seperti pola makan, asupan serat, dan obesitas.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pola makan, konsumsi serat, dan lingkar pinggang dengan kejadian DM Tipe 2 pada wanita pralansia dan lansia di Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang.

Metode: Penelitian dengan desain case control ini dilakukan terhadap pasien wanita diatas 45 tahun di Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang, pada bulan Februari hingga Maret 2024. Total sampel yaitu 64 dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data pola makan dan konsumsi serat diperoleh melalui SQ-FFQ dan analisis DQI-I, lingkar pinggang diperoleh menggunakan pita ukur. Analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square.

Hasil: Hasil uji univariat sebagian besar responden memiliki kualitas pola makan baik (93,8%), konsumsi serat kurang (90,6%), dan lingkar pinggang berlebih (93,8%). Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian DM Tipe 2 adalah konsumsi serat (p= 0,016 OR= 5,063) dan lingkar pinggang (p= 0,020 OR= 5,87).

Simpulan: Konsumsi serat dan lingkar pinggang berhubungan dengan Kejadian DM Tipe 2

Kata Kunci : Diabetes melitus; pola makan; serat; lingkar pinggang; wanita

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Research Materials
HUBUNGAN POLA MAKAN, KEBIASAAN KONSUMSI SERAT, DAN LINGKAR PINGGANG DENGAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 PADA WANITA PRALANSIA DAN LANSIA (Studi Kasus di Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang)
Subject diabetes melitus; pola makan; serat; lingkar pinggang
Type Research Materials
  Download (9MB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: Diabetes melitus; pola makan; serat; lingkar pinggang; wanita

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
IN VIVO DIGESTIBILITY OF PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM BRACKISH ALGAE CHAETOMORPHA SP. KAITAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN STATUS GIZI REMAJA DI WILAYAH INDUSTRI HUBUNGAN POLA MAKAN, KONSUMSI SERAT, DAN LINGKAR PINGGANG DENGAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 PADA WANITA PRALANSIA DAN LANSIA DI PUSKESMAS BANDARHARJO KOTA SEMARANG More recent articles
  1. Indeks Glikemik Tinggi dan Glukosa Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II. Jurnal Endurance. 2017 Jun 21;2(2):225–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22216/jen.v2i2.1148
  2. Saboo B, Misra A, Kalra S, Mohan V, Aravind SR, Joshi S, et al. Role and importance of high fiber in diabetes management in India. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews. 2022 May 1;16(5). doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102480
  3. Susilawati MD, Bantas K, Abas Basuni Jahari dan, Teknat. Nilai Batas dan Indikator Obesitas Terhadap Terjadinya Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (Cut-Off Point and Obesity Indicators in Screening The Occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes). 2014. DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v37i1.4004.11-20
  4. WHO Asia Pasifik. The Asia-Pacific perspective: Redefining Obesity and Its Treatment. 2000
  5. Zhang FL, Ren JX, Zhang P, Jin H, Qu Y, Yu Y, et al. Strong Association of Waist Circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) with Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Jilin Province, China. J Diabetes Res. 2021;2021:1–9. doi: 10.1155/2021/8812431
  6. Willer KA, Leutner M, Harreiter J. Sex Differences in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetologia [Internet]. 2023;66(6):986–1002. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05891-x
  7. Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Pacini G. Sex and Gender Differences in Risk, Pathophysiology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev. 2016 Jun 1;37(3):278–316. doi: 10.1210/er.2015-1137
  8. Mirna E, Agus S, Asbiran N, Studi Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Fort De Kock Bukittinggi P. Analisis Determinan Diabetes Melitus Tipe II Pada Usia Produktif di Kecamatan Lengayang Pesisir Selatan. Journal Public Health. 2020;7(1):30–42
  9. Tur JA, Romaguera D, Pons A. The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I): Is It a Useful Tool to Evaluate the Quality of the Mediterranean Diet? British Journal of Nutrition. 2005 Mar;93(3):369–76. doi: 10.1079/bjn20041363
  10. Ziaee RS, Keshani P, Salehi M, Ghaem H. Diet Quality Indices and Their Correlation with Glycemic Status and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Adv Prev Med. 2021 Mar 6;2021:1–8. doi: 10.1155/2021/2934082
  11. Akilakanya W, Kurniati S, Vetinly, Luse. Hubungan Antara Pola Makan dan Kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe Dua (Association Between Eating Pattern and Random Blood Glucose Level in Patient with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus). Damianus Journal of Medicine. 2021;20(2):135–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25170/djm.v20i2.1159
  12. Audina M, Cortis Maigoda T, Wahyu T, Kesehatan P, Kesehatan Bengkulu K. Status Gizi, Aktivitas Fisik dan Asupan Serat Berhubungan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa Penderita DM Tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kesehatan. 2018;6(1):2338–9095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32668/jitek.v6i1.109
  13. Paruntu OL, Legi NN, Djendra IM, Kaligis G. Asupan Serat dan Magnesium dengan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II. GIZIO. 2019;10(2):101–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47718/gizi.v10i2.837
  14. Amanda E, Salsa B. Hubungan Asupan Zink, Magnesium, dan Serat dengan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Temanggung. Jurnal Gizi [Internet]. 2019;8(2):87–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/jg.8.2.2019.87-94
  15. Chen C, Zeng Y, Xu J, Zheng H, Liu J, Fan R, et al. Therapeutic Effects of Soluble Dietary Fiber Consumption on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Ther Med. 2016 Aug 1;12(2):1232–42. doi: 10.3892/etm.2016.3377
  16. Dharmatti G, Singh N, Ghag A. Dietary Fiber in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. Chronicle of Diabetes Research and Practice. 2023;2(2):84–9. DOI: 10.4103/cdrp.cdrp_21_22
  17. Inchauspe J. Revolusi Glukosa. Yogyakarta: PT Bentang Pustaka; 2022
  18. Cao C, Hu H, Zheng X, Zhang X, Wang Y, He Y. Association Between Central Obesity and Incident Diabetes Mellitus Among Japanese: a Retrospective Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching. Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 1;12(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17837-1
  19. Dieny FF, Jauharany FF, Tsani AFA, Fitranti DY. Peningkatan Visceral Adiposity Index Berhubungan dengan Sindrom Metabolik Remaja Obesitas. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia. 2020 Apr 25;16(4):143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.51465
  20. Sari NN. Hubungan Obesitas Sentral dengan Kejadian Diabetes Melitus Tipe II. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Sai Betik. 2018;14(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.26630/jkep.v14i2.1299
  21. Bai K, Chen X, Song R, Shi W, Shi S. Association of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults: a Cross-sectional Study. BMC Geriatr. 2022 Dec 1;22(1):1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03145-w

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.