DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v13i4.42107

POTENSI SERANGGA SEBAGAI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL UNTUK PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DI INDONESIA: LITERATURE REVIEW

Magister Ilmu Gizi, Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 30 Jun 2024; Revised: 24 Sep 2024; Accepted: 24 Sep 2024; Available online: 22 Oct 2024; Published: 22 Oct 2024.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Families in Indonesia still struggle with nutritional deficiencies. Since edible insects are readily available in nature in Indonesia and containing beneficial nutrients, they might be served as an alternate food and have health benefits.

Objectives: To analyze nutritional content of edible insect in Indonesia and related health benefits

Methods: This is a literature review that use articles published after 2012. The article search was done using three electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect) using keywords such as edible insect, grasshopper, locust, sago worm, insect flour, insects and health, insects’ nutritional contents, protein, nutrition, and Indonesia. There are 10 studies included in the review

Results: Nutritional content of insects and its percentage varies depending on the species, level of individual development, sex, feed type, climate, and geographical location. Protein is the main content of insects. Some edible insects contain various amino acids, even Rhynchophorus bilineatus has complete set of essential amino acids. Fat is a large nutritional component found in insects after protein. Fatty acids content in most insects are predominantly unsaturated fatty acids. Insect consumption related with some health benefits such as decreased antioxidant and inflammation, increased probiotic bacteria, increased albumin and haemoglobin, and improved insulin-like growth hormone 1 (IGF-1).

Conclusion: Edible insects provide adequate protein and fat content. Furthermore, edible insects have the potential to become functional food and alternative food against malnutrition based on their health benefits

Keywords : edible insect; health benefit; Indonesia; nutrition

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Masyarakat Indonesia masih berjuang dengan masalah kekurangan gizi. Indonesia adalah habitat dari beragam serangga, banyak dari serangga ini dapat berfungsi sebagai makanan alternatif dan memiliki manfaat bagi kesehatan.

Tujuan: Menganalisis kandungan nutrisi serangga yang dapat dimakan di Indonesia dan manfaat kesehatan terkait.

Metode: Literature review menggunakan artikel yang diterbitkan setelah tahun 2012. Pencarian artikel dilakukan menggunakan tiga database elektronik (Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect) dengan menggunakan kata kunci edible insect, grasshopper, locust, sago worm, insect flour, protein, nutrition, health, dan Indonesia. Terdapat 10 penelitian yang diikutsertakan dalam review ini.

Hasil: Kandungan nutrisi serangga bervariasi tergantung pada spesies, tingkat perkembangan, jenis kelamin, jenis makanan, iklim, dan lokasi geografis. Protein merupakan kandungan utama serangga. Beberapa serangga yang dapat dimakan mengandung beragam asam amino, bahkan Rhynchophorus bilineatus memiliki asam amino esensial yang lengkap. Lemak merupakan komponen nutrisi terbesar yang ditemukan pada serangga setelah protein. Kandungan asam lemak pada sebagian besar serangga didominasi oleh asam lemak tak jenuh. Konsumsi serangga dikaitkan dengan beberapa manfaat kesehatan seperti penurunan antioksidan dan peradangan, peningkatan bakteri probiotik, peningkatan albumin dan hemoglobin, serta peningkatan insulin-like growth hormone 1 (IGF-1).

Simpulan: Serangga yang dapat dimakan memiliki kandungan protein dan lemak yang cukup. Selain itu, serangga ini berpotensi menjadi pangan fungsional dan pangan alternatif melawan malnutrisi berdasarkan manfaat kesehatan yang dimiliki.

Kata Kunci : serangga yang dapat dimakan; Indonesia; nutrisi; manfaat kesehatan

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Keywords: serangga yang dapat dimakan; Indonesia; nutrisi; manfaat kesehatan

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