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MAKAN PAGI, AKTIVITAS FISIK, DAN MAKAN MALAM BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI REMAJA DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

1Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. M. Thomsen Nias, Indonesia

2Program Studi Gizi Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

3Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Received: 7 Feb 2022; Published: 28 Apr 2022.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Latar belakang: Konsumsi makanan dan aktivitas fisik merupakan faktor langsung yang mempengaruhi status gizi. Pemenuhan kebutuhan sarapan dapat mencegah terjadinya obesitas, sebaliknya makan malam yang terlambat cenderung meningkatkan risiko obesitas.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan sarapan, aktivitas fisik dan makan malam dengan status gizi.

Metode: Studi observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional, pada bulan Januari-Februari 2017, di SMAN 11 Yogyakarta. Sampel sebanyak 121 orang, yang ditentukan dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu usia 15-18 tahun, tidak menjalani diet tertentu, tidak sedang puasa dan bersedia menjadi responden. Variabel bebas adalah sarapan, aktivitas fisik dan makan malam, masing-masing diukur dengan kuesioner kebiasaan sarapan selama 1 minggu, IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) selama 1 minggu, food recall questionnaire 3 x 24 jam. Sarapan dikategorikan menjadi sering (≥ 4 hari) dan jarang (< 4 hari); aktivitas fisik dikategorikan menjadi kurang (≤1706 MET-menit/minggu) dan cukup (> 1706 MET-menit/minggu); makan malam dikategorikan menjadi lebih (> 25%) dan cukup (≥ 25%). Variabel terikat adalah status gizi yang dinilai dengan IMT/U. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square.

Hasil: Sebanyak 72,7% responden mempunyai status gizi normal, 78,5% mempunyai kebiasaan sarapan sering, 64,2% mempunyai jumlah asupan makan malam cukup, dan 50,4% mempunyai aktivitas fisik kurang. Hubungan antara sarapan, aktifitas fisik, dan makan malam dengan status gizi menunjukkan nilai p dan RP masing-masing (p=0,047, RP=2,1, CI 95% 1,0-4,1), (p=0,786, RP=0,9, CI 95% 0,4-1,8) dan (p=0,087, RP=0,5, CI 95% 0,2-1,1)

Kesimpulan: Remaja yang jarang sarapan berisiko untuk menderita obesitas sebanyak 2,1 kali dibanding yang sering sarapan. Aktivitas fisik dan jumlah makan malam tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan status gizi.

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Keywords: Aktivitas fisik; Makan malam; Remaja; Sarapan; Status gizi

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