DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v14i2.43924

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, PERILAKU TERKAIT ANEMIA DAN HYGIENE DENGAN ANEMIA PADA SANTRIWATI DI PONDOK PESANTREN

Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 12 Jul 2024; Revised: 25 Sep 2024; Accepted: 2 Oct 2024; Available online: 30 Apr 2025; Published: 30 Apr 2025.

Citation Format:
Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background : Anemia is a significant health problem, including in Indonesia. Education related to health, especially nutrition, can enhance knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors that help prevent anemia. Insufficient knowledge about anemia influences food choices that inhibit iron absorption in the body. Attitude serves as a predisposition for behavior. Poor personal hygiene can lead to diarrhea, respiratory infections, and nutritional deficiencies, all of which can contribute to anemia.

Objectives: This study aimed  to examine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to anemia and hygiene, and their impact on anemia in female students at Islamic boarding schools.

Methods: The respondents in this study were female students aged 12 to 18 years. The research was conducted at Askhabul Kahfi in the Mijen District of Semarang City, using a cross-sectional design. A total of 137 young female respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Variables related to knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning anemia and hygiene were measured using a questionnaire. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were assessed using a quick check hemoglobin test, and iron status was determined by measuring serum ferritin levels. The independent variables in this study included knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to anemia and hygiene, while the dependent variables were Hb levels and iron status. Bivariate analysis employed the Spearman Rank test.

Results: Analysis of the behavioral variables related to anemia revealed a significant relationship with Hb levels (p = 0.000; r = 0.456) and iron status levels (p = 0.036; r = 0.180). Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to hygiene showed no significant relationship with Hb levels or iron status levels in the subjects of this study (p > 0.05). However, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to hygiene demonstrated a positive relationship with iron status levels. Knowledge and attitudes concerning hygiene had a negative relationship with Hb levels, while only behaviors related to hygiene exhibited a positive relationship.

Conclusion:Knowledge and attitudes regarding anemia did not show a significant relationship with Hb levels or iron status. However, behaviors related to anemia were significantly associated with both Hb levels and iron status. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to hygiene did not significantly correlate with Hb levels or iron status.

Keywords : anemia; knowledge; attitude; behavior; hygiene

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan termasuk di Indonesia. Edukasi terkait kesehatan khususnya gizi mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku dalam mencegah anemia. Pengetahuan anemia yang kurang mempengaruhi pemilihan makanan yang dapat menghambat penyerapan zat besi di tubuh. Sikap merupakan predisposisi tindakan suatu perilaku. Kebersihan diri atau personal hygiene yang kurang dapat menjadi penyebab diare, infeksi pernapasan, kekurangan zat gizi yang menyebabkan anemia.

Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku terkait anemia dan hygiene dengan anemia pada santriwati di pondok pesantren.

Metode: Responden penelitian ini adalah santri remaja putri berusia 12 sampai 18 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan di Askhabul Kahfi Kecamatan Mijen Kota Semarang dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Sebanyak 137 responden remaja putri yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Variabel pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku baik terkait anemia maupun hygiene diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Kadar Hb diukur menggunakan quick check hemoglobin. Kadar status besi diukur dengan kadar serum ferritin. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terkait anemia dan hygiene, sedangkan variabel terikat dalam penelitian  ini  yaitu  kadar Hb dan status besi. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Rank Spearman.

Hasil: Analisis variabel perilaku terkait anemia menunjukkan hasil hubungan yang signifikan dengan kadar Hb (p<0,001; r=0.456) dan kadar status besi (p=0.036; r=0.180). pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terkait hygiene tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kadar Hb maupun kadar status besi pada subjek penelitian ini (p>0.05). Akan tetapi, pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terkait hygiene memiliki arah hubungan yang positif dengan kadar status besi. Pengetahuan dan sikap terkait hygiene memiliki arah hubungan negatif dengan kadar Hb, hanya perilaku terkait hygiene yang memiliki arah hubungan yang positif.

Simpulan:Pengetahuan dan sikap terkait anemia tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kadar Hb dan kadar status besi. Namun, perilaku terkait anemia memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kadar Hb dan kadar status besi. Pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terkait hygiene tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kadar Hb dan kadar status besi.

Kata Kunci : Anemia; pengetahuan; sikap ;perilaku; hygiene


Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Anemia; pengetahuan; sikap ;perilaku; hygiene

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
SINTESIS SENYAWA METABOLIT OLEH MIKROBIOTA SALURAN CERNA DAN METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION-ASSOCIATED STEATOTIC LIVER DISEASE (MASLD): TINJAUAN PADA SCFA DAN BCAA IN VIVO DIGESTIBILITY OF PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM BRACKISH ALGAE CHAETOMORPHA SP. KAITAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN STATUS GIZI REMAJA DI WILAYAH INDUSTRI More recent articles
  1. Gautam S, Min H, Kim H, Id HJ. Determining Factors for The Prevalence of Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age in Nepal : Evidence from Recent National Survey Data. PLoS One. 2019;14(6):1–17. Available from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218288
  2. Simanungkalit SF, Labuh P, Upaya P, Masyarakat K. Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Konsumsi Remaja Putri yang Berhubungan dengan Status Anemia. Bul Penelit Kesehat. 2019;47(3):175–82. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v47i3.1269
  3. Laporan Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Balitbangkes RI. Jakarta; 2018
  4. Ekayanti I, Kusumawati D. Faktor Risiko Anemia pada Santri Putri di Pondok Pesantren Darusalam Bogor. Media Gizi Indones. 2020;15(2):79–87. Available from https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v15i2.79-87
  5. Shahzad S, Islam K, Azhar S, Fiza S, Ahmed W. Impact of Knowledge , Attitude and Practice on Iron Deficiency Anaemia Status Among Females of Reproductive Age Group ( 20- 21-year-old ) Studying in Government Home Economics College Lahore , Pakistan. J Biomed Clin Res. 2017;3(4):1–7. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/iabcr.2017.3.4.09
  6. Panyuluh DC, P NP, Riyanti E. Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Penyebab Anemia pada Santriwati Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum Kabupaten Kendal. J Kesehat Masy. 2018;6(April):156–62. Available from https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v6i2.20811
  7. Setyowati ND, Riyanti E, Indraswari R. Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Makan Remaja Putri dalam Pencegahan Anemia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngemplak Simongan. J Kesehat Masy. 2017;5(5):1042–53. Available from https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v5i5.19233
  8. Purwandari ES. Perbandingan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri yang Tinggal di Pondok Pesantren dan Di Rumah di Madrasah Aliyah Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Kepung Kediri. 2016;114–9. Avalilable from http://dx.doi.org/10.33023/jikeb.v4i2.191
  9. Pangakalan Data Pondok Pesantren [Internet]. Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. 2021. Available from: htttps://ditpontren.kemenag.go.id/pdpp
  10. Emilia E. Hubungan Asupan Zat Besi dengan Status Anemia pada Santri Putri di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatussalikin Air Itam Kota Pangkalpinang Tahun 2017. J Kesehat Poltekkes Kemenkes RI Pangkalpinang. 2019;7(2):64–9. Available from https://doi.org/10.32922/jkp.v7i2.88
  11. Kusuma NI, Kartini F. Changes in Knowledge and Attitudes in Preventing Anemia in Female Adolescents : A Comparative Study. Women, Midwives Midwifery J. 2021;1(2):1–9. Avalilable from https://doi.org/10.36749/wmm.1.2.46-54.2021
  12. Chauhan A, Chauhan S, Bala D. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Adolescent Girls Toward Iron Deficiency Anemia. Int J Curr Res Mod Educ. 2016;I(Ii):163–8
  13. Pal J, Pal AK. Knowledge , Attitude and Practice of Personal Hygiene and Its Predictors : A School-Based Study Among Adolescent Girls In An Urban Slum. Int J Med Sci Public Heal Online. 2017;6(9):1411–6
  14. Sumarlan ES, Windiastuti E, Gunardi H, Hospital G, Papua W. Iron Status , Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among 12- to 15-Year-Old Adolescent Girls from Different Socioeconomic Status in Indonesia. J Heal Reseacrh. 2018;22(1):46–52. Available from https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v22i1.8078
  15. Serum Ferritin Concentrations for the Assessment of Iron Status and Iron Deficiency in Populations. Geneva : Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. World Health Organization. 2011
  16. Tambunan LN, Araya W, Safitri N. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Sikap tentang Anemia Defisiensi Zat besi dan Dampaknya terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Putri. Din Kesehat. 2016;7(2):68–82. Available from: https://ojs.dinamikakesehatan.unism.ac.id/index.php/dksm/article/view/115
  17. Jose S, Antony SC, Isaac BR. Impact of Knowledge , Attitude and Practice on Anemia status among women in coastal Kochi , Kerala. Int J Multidiscip Curr Res Res. 2016;4(April):295–8. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/iabcr.2017.3.4.09
  18. Subagja CA, Fatmawati A, Gartika N. The Relationship among Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour of Dietary and the Incidence of Anemia on Adolescent Girls. J Matern Care Reprod Heal. 2018;3(2):74–85. Available from http://www.mcrhjournal.or.id/index.php/jmcrh/article/view/126/pdf
  19. Listiana A. Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Anemia Gizi Besi pada Remaja Putri di SMK N 1 Terbanggi Besar Lampung Tengah. J Kesehat. 2016;VII(3):455–69. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jk.v7i3.230
  20. Jalambo MO, Sharif R, Naser IA, Karim NA. Improvement in Knowledge , Attitude and Practice of Iron Deficiency Anaemia among Iron-Deficient Female Adolescents after Nutritional Educational Intervention. Glob J Health Sci. 2017;9(7):15–23. available from http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n7p15
  21. J S, S. (Sen) M, A S. Impact Study of Hygiene and Health Counseling As a Controlling Measure of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Int J Med Res Rev. 2018;6(01):33–42. Available from https://doi.org/10.17511/ijmrr.2018.i01.06
  22. Hossain MM. A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Personal Hygiene and Disease Awareness of East West University Student in Dhaka City. East Wesy University; 2012
  23. Mougenot B, Amaya E, Herrera-añazco P. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Conditions and Prevalence of Office Visits Due to Anemia: A Regional Level Analysis from Peru. J Water, Sanit Hyg Dev. 2020;951–8. Available from https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.070
  24. Rusmanto D. Relationships Personal Hygiene Elementary School Students with Incidence of Worm Infection. Indones J Public Heal. 2012;8(3):105–11. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.33490/jkm.v9i2.858
  25. Risa H, Warganegara E, Rachmawati E, Mutira H. Hubungan antara Personal Hygiene dan Status Gizi dengan Infeksi Kecacingan pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Natar. J Agromed Unila. 2017;4(2):326–32. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.33490/jkm.v9i2.858
  26. Sodiq MA, Yudhana A, Dwianggimawati MS. Nutritional Status and Anemia in Islamic Boarding School Adolescent in Kediri East Java Indonesia. Indoenesial J Nutr Epidemiol Reprod. 2018;1(3):173–6. Available from 236355036.pdf (core.ac.uk)
  27. Alifah HN, K DCA. Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Santriwati di Pondok Pesantren Al Munawwir Krapyak Bantul Yogyakarta [Internet]. Universitas Aisyah Yogyakarta; 2017. Available from: http://digilib.unisayogya.ac.id/id/eprint/2539
  28. Bakta I. Hematologi Klinik Ringkas. Jakarta: EGC; 2007
  29. Masnawati A, Pawiono P, Iswanto I. Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Tifoid pada Santri di Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. J Metab. 2014;3(2):1–5.Available from: 233837702.pdf (core.ac.uk)
  30. Adhisti AP. Hubungan Status Antropometri dan Asupan Gizi dengan Kadar Hb dan Ferritin Remaja Putri. Universitas Diponegoro; 2011. Available from http://eprints.undip.ac.id/32867/1/Anyndya.pdf
  31. Cheng HL, Bryant CE, Rooney KB, Steinbeck KS, Griffin HJ, Petocz P, et al. Iron, Hepcidin and Inflammatory Status of Young Healthy. 2019: 101-110110Overweight and Obese Women in Australia. PLoS One. 2013;8:1–6. available from : pone.0068675 1..6 (plos.org)
  32. Choma SSR, Alberts M, Modjadji SE. Conflicting Effects of BMI and Waist Circumference on Iron Status. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015;32:73–78.15. Available from Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.06.003
  33. Khan A, Khan WM, Ayub M, Humayun M, Haroon M. Ferritin is a Marker of Inflammation rather than Iron Deficiency in Overweight and Obese People. J Obes. 2016;2016:1–7
  34. Dieny, F. F., Widyastuti, N., Fitranti, D. Y., Nissa, C., Tsani, A. F. A., & Jauharany, F. F. (2019). Defisiensi besi pada wanita usia subur pranikah obesitas. Media Gizi Mikro Indonesia, 10(2), 101-110. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/mgmi.v10i2.599

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.