DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v14i2.43924

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, PERILAKU TERKAIT ANEMIA DAN HYGIENE DENGAN ANEMIA PADA SANTRIWATI DI PONDOK PESANTREN

Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 12 Jul 2024; Revised: 25 Sep 2024; Accepted: 2 Oct 2024; Available online: 30 Apr 2025; Published: 30 Apr 2025.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background : Anemia is a significant health problem, including in Indonesia. Education related to health, especially nutrition, can enhance knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors that help prevent anemia. Insufficient knowledge about anemia influences food choices that inhibit iron absorption in the body. Attitude serves as a predisposition for behavior. Poor personal hygiene can lead to diarrhea, respiratory infections, and nutritional deficiencies, all of which can contribute to anemia.

Objectives: This study aimed  to examine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to anemia and hygiene, and their impact on anemia in female students at Islamic boarding schools.

Methods: The respondents in this study were female students aged 12 to 18 years. The research was conducted at Askhabul Kahfi in the Mijen District of Semarang City, using a cross-sectional design. A total of 137 young female respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Variables related to knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning anemia and hygiene were measured using a questionnaire. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were assessed using a quick check hemoglobin test, and iron status was determined by measuring serum ferritin levels. The independent variables in this study included knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to anemia and hygiene, while the dependent variables were Hb levels and iron status. Bivariate analysis employed the Spearman Rank test.

Results: Analysis of the behavioral variables related to anemia revealed a significant relationship with Hb levels (p = 0.000; r = 0.456) and iron status levels (p = 0.036; r = 0.180). Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to hygiene showed no significant relationship with Hb levels or iron status levels in the subjects of this study (p > 0.05). However, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to hygiene demonstrated a positive relationship with iron status levels. Knowledge and attitudes concerning hygiene had a negative relationship with Hb levels, while only behaviors related to hygiene exhibited a positive relationship.

Conclusion:Knowledge and attitudes regarding anemia did not show a significant relationship with Hb levels or iron status. However, behaviors related to anemia were significantly associated with both Hb levels and iron status. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to hygiene did not significantly correlate with Hb levels or iron status.

Keywords : anemia; knowledge; attitude; behavior; hygiene

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan termasuk di Indonesia. Edukasi terkait kesehatan khususnya gizi mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku dalam mencegah anemia. Pengetahuan anemia yang kurang mempengaruhi pemilihan makanan yang dapat menghambat penyerapan zat besi di tubuh. Sikap merupakan predisposisi tindakan suatu perilaku. Kebersihan diri atau personal hygiene yang kurang dapat menjadi penyebab diare, infeksi pernapasan, kekurangan zat gizi yang menyebabkan anemia.

Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku terkait anemia dan hygiene dengan anemia pada santriwati di pondok pesantren.

Metode: Responden penelitian ini adalah santri remaja putri berusia 12 sampai 18 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan di Askhabul Kahfi Kecamatan Mijen Kota Semarang dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Sebanyak 137 responden remaja putri yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Variabel pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku baik terkait anemia maupun hygiene diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Kadar Hb diukur menggunakan quick check hemoglobin. Kadar status besi diukur dengan kadar serum ferritin. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terkait anemia dan hygiene, sedangkan variabel terikat dalam penelitian  ini  yaitu  kadar Hb dan status besi. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Rank Spearman.

Hasil: Analisis variabel perilaku terkait anemia menunjukkan hasil hubungan yang signifikan dengan kadar Hb (p<0,001; r=0.456) dan kadar status besi (p=0.036; r=0.180). pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terkait hygiene tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kadar Hb maupun kadar status besi pada subjek penelitian ini (p>0.05). Akan tetapi, pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terkait hygiene memiliki arah hubungan yang positif dengan kadar status besi. Pengetahuan dan sikap terkait hygiene memiliki arah hubungan negatif dengan kadar Hb, hanya perilaku terkait hygiene yang memiliki arah hubungan yang positif.

Simpulan:Pengetahuan dan sikap terkait anemia tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kadar Hb dan kadar status besi. Namun, perilaku terkait anemia memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kadar Hb dan kadar status besi. Pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku terkait hygiene tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kadar Hb dan kadar status besi.

Kata Kunci : Anemia; pengetahuan; sikap ;perilaku; hygiene


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Keywords: Anemia; pengetahuan; sikap ;perilaku; hygiene

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