DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v13i4.43163

SARKOPENIA PADA PASIEN HEMODIALISIS

Magister Ilmu Gizi, Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 13 May 2024; Revised: 16 Sep 2024; Accepted: 18 Sep 2024; Available online: 22 Oct 2024; Published: 22 Oct 2024.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disorder characterized by loss of muscle volume. Sarcopenia is associated with loss of strength and performance, increasing the risk of fractures, falls, physical disability, and mortality. Sarcopenia is common in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients undergoing dialysis. The dialysis process is also related to dietary pattern as it can cause muscle wasting through the mechanism of changing the protein balance in the body.

Objectives: To study and collect information about determinant factors of sarcopenia among hemodialysis patients.

Methods: Literature review with a review of 8 articles that fall into inclusion criteria through 2018 until 2023. A structured search method for articles or journals was performed on Google Scholar and PubMed using the term “sarcopenia and hemodialysis” and it was combined with factor and determinant as keywords. The study design that used in 8 articles were cross-sectional study that investigated 664 hemodialysis patients.

Results: There were many factors that contribute to sarcopenia among hemodialysis patients, such as albumin and phosphate serum, malnutrition, nutritional status, Body Mass Index (BMI), age, sex, Insulin like-Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), myostatin, insulin resistance, physical activity, depression, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF).

Conclusion: Early detection of sarcopenia is important for patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy considering the many risk factors found.

Keywords : sarcopenia; hemodialysis; risk factors; elderly

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Sarkopenia merupakan suatu kelainan otot yang ditandai dengan penurunan massa otot. Sarkopenia berhubungan dengan kehilangan kekuatan otot, peningkatan risiko patah tulang, risiko jatuh, dan penurunan kemampuan fisik, serta kematian. Sarkopenia sering terjadi pada pasien Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA) yang menjalani dialisis. Proses dialisis dapat menyebabkan pengecilan otot melalui mekanisme perubahan keseimbangan protein dalam tubuh.

Tujuan: Untuk mempelajari dan mengumpulkan informasi tentang faktor penentu sarkopenia pada pasien hemodialisis.

Metode: Review literatur dengan menelaah 8 artikel sesuai kriteria inklusi dengan tahun terbit berkisar antara 2018 hingga 2023. Metode pencarian terstruktur dilakukan pada platform Google Scholar dan PubMed dengan menggunakan istilah “sarkopenia dan hemodialisis” yang dikombinasikan dengan faktor dan determinan sebagai kata kunci. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam 8 artikel tersebut menggunakan studi cross-sectional yang melibatkan subjek sebanyak 664 pasien hemodialisis.

Hasil: Terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap kejadian sarkopenia pada pasien hemodialisis, di antaranya serum albumin, serum fosfat, malnutrisi, status gizi, BMI, usia, jenis kelamin, IGF-1, myostatin, resistensi insulin, SCI, aktivitas fisik, tingkat depresi, dan BDNF.

Simpulan: Deteksi dini sarkopenia penting dilakukan pada pasien yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis mengingat banyaknya faktor risiko yang ditemukan.

Kata Kunci : sarkopenia; hemodialisis; faktor risiko; lansia

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Keywords: arkopenia; hemodialisis; faktor risiko; lansia

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