DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v12i4.38082

DIET RENDAH PROTEIN TERHADAP STATUS KESEHATAN PASIEN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIS (PGK): KAJIAN PUSTAKA

1Profesi Dietisien Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

2Persada Hospital Malang, Indonesia

Received: 18 Mar 2023; Published: 1 Dec 2023.

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Abstract
ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Peningkatan jumlah penderita penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor risiko. Untuk mengurangi kerja ginjal biasanya pasien diberikan beberapa pembatasan zat gizi yang dapat menyebabkan pasien dengan penyakit ginjal kronis mengalami malnutrisi energi dan protein yang jika dibiarkan justru membuat harapan hidup pasien menurun.

Tujuan: Tujuan dari kajian pustaka ini adalah untuk menganalisis diet rendah protein yang digunakan pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis memberikan efek yang baik dan kontraindikasi dari pemberian diet rendah protein, sehingga dapat memperbaiki status kesehatan pasien

Metode : Penelitian menggunakan sistematik review dari 19 jurnal dan dipilih 5 jurnal berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan esklusi terkait dengan penyakit gagal ginjal kronis.

Hasil : Beberapa artikel telah membahas terkait diet rendah protein yang diberikan pada pasien, namun perlu ada penilaian status gizi pasien dan kecukupan energi yang dikonsumsi pasien yang akan diberikan pembatasan protein. Adanya beberapa zat gizi juga seperti kalium dan jenis protein yang berasal dari sumber hewani dan nabati yang berpengaruh alam pengaturan pola makan pasien PGK karena adanyarisiko malnutrisi hingga kematian

Kesimpulan: Pemberian diet rendah protein pada pasien PGK sebaiknya juga mempertimbangkan beberapa hal sesuai dengan kondisi pasien serta pemilihan bahan makanan yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan. Faktor pemenuhan zat gizi untuk pasien PGK dapat menentukan status kesehatan pasien

Kata kunci: diet rendah protein, PGK, status Kesehatan

 

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased as a result of various risk factors, and nutritional therapy, such as a low protein diet, is commonly used to maintain glomerulus advancement, which can lead to malnutrition and shorten the patient's life span.

Aim: The goal of this literature review is to determine whether a low protein diet used in patients with chronic kidney failure has a good effect and whether there are any contraindications to delivering a low protein diet to enhance the patient's health.

Methode: 5 journals were chosen for the study from a systematic assessment of 19 journals based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for chronic renal failure.

Result: A nutritional assessment of the patient's nutritional condition and the appropriateness of energy intake in patients who will be given protein restriction has been explored in several studies. Because of the risk of starvation and death, various minerals, such as potassium and other types of protein, have an impact on the diet of CKD patients.

Conclusions: A low protein diet must take into account a number of factors, including the patient's health and the food elements they require. Patients' nutritional state might be used to determine their health status.

Keywords: Low protein diet. Chronic kidney disease, health status


 

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Keywords: diet rendah protein, PGK, status Kesehatan

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