DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v15i1.50880

HUBUNGAN ASUPAN YODIUM DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA: LITERATURE REVIEW

Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 6 May 2025; Revised: 15 Oct 2025; Accepted: 28 Oct 2025; Available online: 28 Jan 2026; Published: 30 Jan 2026.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Stunting is a growth disorder commonly found in children under five years old. Chronic deficiency in nutrient intake is a direct cause of stunting. Iodine is one of the micronutrients needed by children under five years old for reaching the optimal growth. Iodine deficiency can lead to stunting.

Objectives: The aim of this literature review is to determine the relationship between iodine intake and stunting in children under five years old.

Methods: This research is a literature review that uses the narrative method to review several relevant article sources based on the objectives, methods, and results presented in the article. National and international articles were searched using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The articles searched focused on epidemiologic studies filtered from the last 10 years of publication (2015-2025). Keywords used were iodine intake, urinary iodine or iodine status and stunting in children. The search found 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria.

Results: A literature study revealed inconsistent findings regarding the association between iodine intake and the incidence of stunting in children under five years old.  Five articles found a correlation between iodine intake and the incidence of stunting in toddlers, whereas the remaining eight articles found no correlation.

Conclusion:  Iodine intake has no relationship with the prevalence of stunting in toddlers.  Iodine consumption has an impact on a child's growth and nutritional status, but it is not a main cause of stunting. Iodine is one part of the complex factors that influence child growth and the incidence of stunting in children under five years old. In order to avoid bias, iodine intake measurements must be carried out using appropriate methods.

Keywords: Iodine intake; toddler; iodine status; UIE; stunting

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan yang banyak ditemukan pada balita. Kurangnya asupan zat gizi secara kronis menjadi penyebab langsung terjadinya stunting. Yodium merupakan salah satu zat gizi mikro yang dibutuhkan balita untuk mencapai pertumbuhan yang optimal. Kekurangan asupan yodium dapat menimbulkan gangguan pertumbuhan salah satunya yaitu stunting.

Tujuan: Tujuan dari kajian pustaka ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan yodium dengan kejadian stunting pada balita.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah kajian pustaka yang menggunakan metode naratif dalam mengkaji beberapa sumber artikel yang relevan berdasarkan tujuan, metode, serta hasil yang disajikan pada artikel tersebut. Pencarian artikel nasional dan internasional dilakukan dengan melakukan penulusuran dengan menggunakan database Google Scholar, dan Pubmed. Artikel yang dicari berfokus pada studi epidemiologi yang disaring dari terbitan 10 tahun terakhir (2015-2025). Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu asupan yodium, UIE atau status yodium, dan stunting pada anak balita. Dari penelusuran tersebut didapatkan 13 artikel yang masuk dalam kriteria inklusi.

Hasil: Berdasarkan kajian pustaka, masih ditemukan hasil yang kontradiktif tentang hubungan asupan yodium dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Lima artikel menyebutkan bahwa asupan yodium berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita, sedangkan delapan artikel lainnya justru menyatakan sebaliknya yaitu tidak  menemukan hubungan antara asupan yodium dengan kejadian stunting.

Simpulan: Asupan yodium tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Asupan yodium dapat memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan status gizi anak, tetapi bukan menjadi satu-satunya faktor yang menyebabkan stunting. Yodium merupakan salah satu bagian dari kompleksnya hal-hal yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan maupun kejadian stunting pada anak. Pengukuran asupan yodium harus dilakukan dengan metode yang tepat agar tidak menimbulkan bias.

Kata Kunci: Asupan yodium; balita; status yodium; ekskresi yodium urin; stunting

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Keywords: Asupan yodium; balita; status yodium; ekskresi yodium urin; stunting

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