DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v15i1.49380

PERAN DIETARY INFLAMMATORY INDEX DAN KOMPOSISI LEMAK TUBUH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KADAR TNF ALPHA PADA INDIVIDU OBESITAS: TINJAUAN NARATIF

1Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegorom, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

2Departemen Pendidikan Dokter Spesialis, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 13 Mar 2025; Revised: 19 May 2025; Accepted: 22 May 2025; Available online: 28 Jan 2026; Published: 30 Jan 2026.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Obesity is a global health issue associated with low-grade chronic inflammation due to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and metabolic disorders in obese individuals. Additionally, diet contributes to inflammation, which can be measured using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). A higher DII score indicates a pro-inflammatory diet, which is linked to elevated TNF-α levels. Body fat distribution, especially visceral fat accumulation, also contributes to the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines;

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between a pro-inflammatory diet, body fat composition, and TNF-α levels in obese individuals;

Methode: This study employs a narrative review approach by gathering data from various national and international articles. The search was conducted through multiple databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate. Data were retrieved using selected keywords such as Dietary Inflammatory Index, body fat composition, TNF-α, and obesity in adults;

Results: The review results indicate that a high DII diet, characterized by high consumption of sugar, saturated fats, and low fiber intake, contributes to increased inflammation. Meanwhile, body fat distribution, particularly visceral fat, also triggers TNF-α production, exacerbating chronic inflammatory conditions;

Conclusion: The interaction between diet and body fat composition indicates that obese individuals with a pro-inflammatory diet have a higher risk of persistent systemic inflammation. Therefore, intervention strategies that prioritize an anti-inflammatory diet and proper body fat management are crucial in reducing TNF-α levels and preventing obesity-related health complications;

Keywords: Body fat composition; dietary inflammatory index; inflammation; obesity in adults; TNF-α

 

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Obesitas merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang ditandai dengan akumulasi lemak tubuh berlebih dan berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi metabolik. Salah satu mekanisme penting yang mendasari komplikasi tersebut adalah inflamasi kronis tingkat rendah, yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar sitokin pro-inflamasi seperti TNF-α. Pola makan yang bersifat pro-inflamasi diketahui dapat meningkatkan respon inflamasi tubuh, termasuk kadar TNF-α. Selain itu, komposisi lemak tubuh terutama tingginya massa lemak juga berperan dalam meningkatkan produksi sitokin tersebut. Meski masing-masing faktor ini sudah pernah diteliti, masih sedikit penelitian yang melihat hubungan antara pola makan, lemak tubuh, dan kadar TNF-α secara bersamaan pada orang yang obesitas;

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara pola makan pro-inflamasi, komposisi lemak tubuh dan kadar TNF-α pada individu obesitas;

Metode:  Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan naratif dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai artikel nasional dan internasional. Pencarian dilakukan melalui beberapa databese seperti Google Scolar, PubMed, dan Science Direct dan Researchgate. Data dicari dengan menggunakan beberapa kata kunci terpilih seperti Dietary Inflammatory Index, body fat compotition, TNF-α, dan obesity in adults;

Hasil: Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pola makan dengan nilai DII tinggi yang ditandai dengan konsumsi tinggi gula, lemak jenuh, dan tendah serat, berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan peradangan. Sementara itu, distribusi lemak tubuh terutama lemak viseral juga memicu produksi TNF-α yang memperparah kondisi inflamasi kronis;

Simpulan: Interaksi antara pola makan dan komposisi lemak tubuh ini menunjukkan bahwa individu obesitas dengan pola makan pro-inflamasi memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap inflamasi sistemik yang berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, strategi intervensi yang mengedepankan pola makan anti-inflamasi dan pengelolaan komposisi lemak tubuh sangat penting dalam mengurangi kadar TNF-α dan mencegah komplikasi kesehatan terkait obesitas;

Kata Kunci: Dietary inflammatory index; inflamasi; komposisi lemak tubuh; obesitas dewasa; TNF-α

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Keywords: Dietary inflammatory index; inflamasi; komposisi lemak tubuh; obesitas dewasa; TNF-α

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