DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v12i4.40712

INSTRUMEN SOSIO-EKOLOGI TERVALIDASI DAN RELIABEL DALAM MENGUKUR PERILAKU MAKAN REMAJA URBAN

1Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan dan Teknologi, Universitas Binawan, Indonesia

2Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Received: 20 Aug 2023; Published: 1 Dec 2023.

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Abstract
ABSTRACT

Background: The recent shifts in eating high-dense calorie snacks and sweetened drinks can affect the suitability of measurements on eating behavior. Questionnaires with a comprehensive socio-ecological approach to measuring the eating behavior of urban adolescents have never been designed.

Objectives: This study aims to design a valid and reliable questionnaire with components of knowledge, attitudes and practices, food choice, and food availability with modification of snack and Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption modifications for urban adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 30 high school students in Jakarta was performed for the validation and reliability tests of the socio-ecological questionnaire. The normality test was the Kolmogorov Smirnov. Spearman rank correlation analysis and reliability test were performed on the questionnaire component. R count>r-table or p-value <0.05 is valid and Cronbach alpha>r-table is reliable.

Results: The result shows that 8 out of 17 questions of knowledge, 10 out of 21 attitude questions, 13 out of 19 practice questions, 35 out of 35 food selection questions, and 10 out of 13 food availability questions were identified as having r> 0.3494 for 30 respondents and Cronbach alpha>referred r.

Conclusions: the components of the questions reflect the eating behavior of urban adolescents with the availability of high-calorie and high-fat snacks and sweetened drinks. Food choices cover all aspects including mood and price, while KAP aspects cover suggestions and composition of a healthy diet, consumption habits of snacks and sugar, and physical activity.

Keywords: Adolescent; Food choice; KAP; Snack; SSB; Sustainability

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Pergeseran trend perilaku makan, terutama konsumsi makanan dan minuman kekinian yang tinggi lemak dan gula pada remaja yang teridentifikasi tinggi dapat mempengaruhi kesesuaian instrument pengukuran perilaku makan. Kuesioner dengan pendekatan sosio-ekologi yang komprehensif untuk mengukur perilaku makan remaja urban belum pernah dirancang sebelumnya dengan mempertimbangkan trend saat ini.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang kuisoner dengan komponen pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek, pemilihan makanan, dan ketersediaan pangan dengan modifikasi konsumsi makanan selingan dan minuman berpemanis yang valid dan reliabel untuk remaja urban.

Metode: Penelitian cross sectional yang melibatkan 30 orang siswa SMA kelas 10 di Jakarta terlibat dalam uji validasi dan reliabilitas kuesioner sosio-ekologi. Uji normalitas yaitu Kolmogorov Smirnov dilajutkan analisis Spearman rank correlation dan uji relibilitas dilakukan pada komponen kuesioner. R hitung>r-table atau p-value<0,05 dikatakan valid dan cronbach alpha>r-table dikatakan reliabel.

Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil analisis, 8 komponen pertanyaan pengetahuan dari 17 pertanyaan, 10 dari 21 pertanyaan sikap, 13 dari 19 pertanyaan praktek, 35dari 35 pertanyaan pemilihan makanan dan 10 dari 13 pertanyaan ketersediaan pangan teridentifikasi memiliki r-hitung > 0,3494 untuk 30 responden dan Cronbach alpha>r table.

Simpulan: komponen pertanyaan mencerminkan kondisi perilaku makan remaja urban dengan ketersediaan makanan selingan tinggi kalori dan lemak, serta minuman berpemanis. Pemilihan makan mencakup seluruh aspek termasuk susasana hati dan harga, sementara aspek PSP (Pengetahuan, Sikap, perilaku) mencakup anjuran dan komposisi diet sehat, kebiasaan konsumsi selingan dan gula serta aktivitas fisik.

Kata Kunci: KAP; keberlanjutan; pemiliahan makanan; remaja; snack; SSBs

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Keywords: KAP; keberlanjutan; pemilihan makanan; remaja; snack; SSBs
Funding: Kemendikbudristek

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