DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v12i1.33304

PERBEDAAN FAKTOR RISIKO STUNTING DI DAERAH PERKOTAAN DAN PERDESAAN PADA ANAK USIA 6-23 BULAN DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS DATA RISKESDAS

Departemen Ilmu Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Received: 8 Mar 2022; Published: 23 Mar 2023.

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Abstract
Latar belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah gizi yang sering ditemukan di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Stunting dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Perbedaan tempat tinggal di perkotaan dan perdesaan salah satu faktor penyebab stunting.

 

Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor risiko stunting di daerah perkotaan dan perdesaan pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan menganalisis data survei nasional di 34 provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2018 (Riskesdas 2018). Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 15.833 anak usia 6-23 bulan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, uji chi-square, dan regresi logistik ganda.

Hasil: Prevalensi stunting pada usia 6-23 bulan lebih rendah di perkotaan (26,9%) dibandingkan di perdesaan (30,8%). Perbedaan signifikan yang ditemukan pada faktor risiko kejadian stunting antara daerah perkotaan dan perdesaan. Faktor risiko kejadian stunting yang signifikan di perkotaan adalah berat badan lahir rendah (OR=2,017, 95%Cl: 1,655-2,457). Sedangkan, faktor risiko kejadian stunting yang signifikan di perdesaan adalah adalah kelahiran prematur (OR=1,121, 95%Cl: 1,015–1,238) dan riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (OR=2,188, 95%Cl: 1,845–2,595). Setelah dikontrol dengan variable perancu (jenis kelamin dan usia), berat badan lahir rendah (OR=2,017, 95%Cl: 1,655-2,457) tetap menjadi faktor risiko kejadian stunting yang signifikan di perkotaan. Sedangkan, kelahiran prematur (OR=1,121, 95%Cl: 1,015–1,238) dan riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (OR=2,188, 95%Cl: 1,845–2,595) juga tetap menjadi faktor risiko kejadian stunting yang signifikan di perdesaan

Simpulan: Berat badan lahir rendah menjadi faktor risiko stunting di daerah perkotaan dan perdesaan. Sedangkan, kelahiran premature menjadi faktor risiko stunting hanya di perdesaan.

 

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Keywords: Anak usia 6-23 bulan; Berat badan lahir rendah; Indonesia; Premature; Stunting

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