DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v15i2.52880

PREVALENCE OF ALK (D5F3) EXPRESSION IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER IN MRCCC SILOAM HOSPITALS

Keitaro Joy Suryajaya  -  Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia
*Sony Sugiharto orcid scopus  -  Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright 2026 Keitaro Joy Suryajaya, Sony Sugiharto
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

 

 Background: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related illness and death worldwide. GLOBOCAN 2022 reports 2,480,675 lung cancer cases (12.4% of all cancers), with the highest mortality rate (1,817,469 deaths). ALK rearrangement plays a significant role in tumor progression, survival, and metastasis, but the prevalence of ALK-positive tumors varies across populations. Data on ALK rearrangement in multi-ethnic populations like Indonesia remains limited. Objective: To describe the prevalence and distribution of ALK rearrangement in Indonesian NSCLC patients by gender, age, and histological subtype. Methods: This descriptive study uses a cross-sectional design with a retrospective approach based on the results of immunohistochemistry of ALK (D5F3) expression in NSCLC patients. This study included all patients diagnosed with NSCLC who were examined for ALK (D5F3) expression. The exclusion criteria of this study were patients with incomplete data, patients diagnosed with anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and lung metastasis. Results: The prevalence of ALK-positive NSCLC patients at MRCCC Siloam Hospitals Semanggi from 2020 to 2024 was 24 cases (7.8%) out of a total sample of 306. Most cases were male patients, accounting for 14 cases (58.3%). ALK-positive cases were predominantly found in patients aged 60 years and under, accounting for 14 cases (58.3%). Lung adenocarcinoma is the NSCLC subtype that has the highest number of ALK-positive cases, with 21 cases (87.5%). Conclusion: This study reveals a higher prevalence of ALK-positive NSCLC in the Indonesian population. This result provides a treatment option for NSCLC patients who have negative expressions of EGFR and PD-L1, offering them new hope for targeted therapy.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: ALK rearrangement; immunohistochemistry; non-small cell lung cancer
Funding: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM), Universitas Tarumanagara

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SUBSTANCE USE INVOLVEMENT AND EMOTIONAL MENTAL DISORDER AMONG ADOLESCENTS CORRELATION BETWEEN FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE AND HDL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS TRANSFORMING MDR-TB TREATMENT: EVIDENCE FOR SHORTER, SAFER, AND COST-SAVING REGIMENS WITH BPAL EXOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS WITH IMPENDING PERFORATION MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME AT RURAL HOSPITAL: A CASE REPORT OF 28-YEARS OLD MALE WITH POST-TRAUMATIC ENDOPHTHALMITIS CHALLENGES IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS MANAGEMENT IN A LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT WITH CROHN’S DISEASE: A CASE REPORT More recent articles
  1. International Agency for Research on Cancer. World-Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. [Internet]. WHO; 2022. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/900-world-fact-sheet.pdf
  2. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Indonesia-Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. [Internet]. WHO, 2022. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/360-indonesia-fact-sheet.pdf
  3. Kriegsmann M, Haag C, Weis CA, Steinbuss G, Warth A, Zgorzelski C, et al. Deep learning for the classification of small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(6):1–15
  4. Bade BC, Dela Cruz CS. Lung Cancer 2020: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention. Clin Chest Med [Internet]. 2020;41(1):1–24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2019.10.001
  5. Štěpánek L, Ševčíková J, Horáková D, Patel MS, Durďáková R. Public Health Burden of Secondhand Smoking: Case Reports of Lung Cancer and a Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(20)
  6. Solomon B, Varella-Garcia M, Camidge DR. ALK gene rearrangements: A new therapeutic target in a molecularly defined subset of non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol [Internet]. 2009;4(12):1450–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181c4dedb
  7. Bernicker EH, Xiao Y, Abraham A, Yang B, Croix DA, Redpath S, et al. Adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network ALK Testing Guidelines for Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in U.S. Community Medical Centers. Oncologist. 2021;26(6):e1050–7
  8. Majeed U, Manochakian R, Zhao Y, Lou Y. Targeted therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: current advances and future trends. J Hematol Oncol [Internet]. 2021;14(1):1–20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-021-01121-2
  9. Li L, Li W, Wu C, Xi Y, Guo L, Ji Y, et al. Real-world data on ALK rearrangement test in Chinese advanced non-small cell lung cancer (RATICAL): a nationwide multicenter retrospective study. Cancer Commun. 2024;44(9):992–1004
  10. Wheless L, Brashears J, Alberg AJ. Epidemiology of lung cancer. Lung Cancer Imaging. 2021;1–15
  11. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229–63
  12. Hanafi AR, Hanif MA, Pangaribuan MTG, Ariawan WP, Sutandyo N, Kurniawati SA, et al. Genomic features of lung cancer patients in Indonesia’s national cancer center. BMC Pulm Med. 2024;24(1):1–11
  13. Bruno R, Poma AM, Panozzi M, Lenzini A, Elia G, Zirafa CC, et al. Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Prevalence of Actionable Alterations in a Monocentric Consecutive Cohort. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16(7):1–14
  14. Hou X, Chen H, Liu Y, Gong S, Zhudai M, Shen L. Clinicopathological and computed tomography features of patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer harboring ALK rearrangement. Cancer Imaging [Internet]. 2023;23(1):1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-023-00537-y
  15. Mok T, Peters S, Camidge DR, Noé J, Gadgeel S, Ou SHI, et al. Outcomes According to ALK Status Determined by Central Immunohistochemistry or Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Patients With ALK-Positive NSCLC Enrolled in the Phase 3 ALEX Study. J Thorac Oncol [Internet]. 2021;16(2):259–68. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.007
  16. Gee K, Yendamuri S. Lung cancer in females—sex-based differences from males in epidemiology, biology, and outcomes: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2024;13(1):163–78
  17. Liu Q, Huang Q, Yu Z, Wu H. Clinical characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations and ALK&ROS1 fusions. Clin Respir J. 2022;16(3):216–25
  18. Heriyanto DS, Trisnawati I, Kumara EG, Laiman V, Yuliani FS, Sumpono ASB, et al. The Prevalence of the EML4-ALK Fusion Gene in Cytology Specimens from Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Pulm Med. 2020;2020
  19. Xia P, Zhang L, Li P, Liu E, Li W, Zhang J, et al. Molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes of complex ALK rearrangements identified by next-generation sequencing in non-small cell lung cancers. J Transl Med [Internet]. 2021;19(1):1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-021-02982-4
  20. Lin HM, Wu Y, Yin Y, Niu H, Curran EA, Lovly CM, et al. Real-world ALK Testing Trends in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the United States. Clin Lung Cancer. 2023;24(1):e39–49
  21. Aguado de la Rosa C, Cruz Castellanos P, Lázaro-Quintela M, Dómine M, Vázquez Estévez S, López-Vivanco G, et al. Identification of ALK-positive patients with advanced NSCLC and real-world clinical experience with crizotinib in Spain (IDEALK study). Lung Cancer. 2022;173(September):83–93
  22. Zhang B, Zeng J, Zhang H, Zhu S, Wang H, He J, et al. Characteristics of the immune microenvironment and their clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer patients with ALK-rearranged mutation. Front Immunol. 2022;13(September):1–12
  23. Allen TC, Xiao Y, Yang B, Croix D, Abraham A, Redpath S, et al. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement prevalence in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the United States: Retrospective real world data. Oncotarget. 2021;12(23):2308–15
  24. Jahanzeb M, Lin HM, Pan X, Yin Y, Baumann P, Langer CJ. Immunotherapy Treatment Patterns and Outcomes Among ALK-Positive Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer [Internet]. 2021;22(1):49–57. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2020.08.003
  25. Li J, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Xu F, Zhang Z, Shao L, et al. Concomitant mutation status of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancers and its prognostic impact on patients treated with crizotinib. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2021;10(3):1525–35

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.