DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v12i6.40822

Effects of Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Garlic (Allium sativum) on the Growth of Escherichia coli Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase

Rohmatul Ulya  -  Student, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia
Mega Pandu Arfiyanti  -  Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia
*Maya Dian Rakhmawatie orcid scopus  -  Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Jl. Kedung Mundu Raya No. 18 Semarang Indonesia 50273, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract

 Background: The prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESβL) Escherichia coli has increased by 0.91 – 2.31% per year and causes β-lactam antibiotics to be useless. Natural medicines such as garlic can be used to treat antibiotic resistance. It has been reported that garlic ethanol extract can inhibit the growth of Metallo-β-lactamase E. coli, but there have been no reports of garlic ethyl acetate extract activity against resistant bacteria. Objective: This study aims to prove the effect of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of garlic in inhibiting the growth of ESβL E. coli. Methods: The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of garlic were prepared in concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100% w/v, and were tested on ESβL E. coli using the disc diffusion assay. This study used a post-test-only control group design with meropenem as the positive control. The effectiveness of both garlic extracts was assessed from the inhibition zones formed around the discs. Phytochemical tests were carried out to see the compound content of garlic extract. Results: All concentrations of garlic ethanol extract were not significantly different in inhibiting ESβL E. coli growth (with inhibition zone diameter 2.82 - 3.30 mm). However, for the ethyl acetate extract, the higher the concentration the higher the activity of the extract in inhibiting ESβL E. coli (p-value <0.05). The best inhibition zone of ethyl acetate extract was 4.18 mm at a concentration of 100%. Meropenem as a positive control produced a 17 mm inhibition zone. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of garlic had no difference in the active compound content, both contain tannins, saponins, and essential oils. Conclusion: The ethanol and ethyl acetate extract of garlic had weak potential to inhibit ESβL E. coli growth when compared to meropenem as a control drug.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: antibacterial agent; β-lactamases; garlic; meropenem; phytochemicals

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Risk Factors Of Stunting In Children Aged 12-59 Months In The Working Area Of The Langara Puskesmas District, Konawe Islands, 2022 The Role of Midazolam on Status Epilepticus: Systematic Review Analysis of Comorbidities and Smoking History with The Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Surakarta General Hospital Case Report : Chromoblastomycosis More recent articles
  1. Pertiwi K M, Wulandari KK, Rodja HA, Urjiyah UG, Fibriani E, Putri FA. Teknik Diagnostik Konvensional Lanjutan Untuk Infeksi Bakteri Dan Resistensi Antibakteri Di Indonesia. J Widya Biol. 2021;12(2):98–116
  2. Wahid H. Identifikasi Extended Spectrum Beta Laktamase (ESBL) Antibiotika Golongan Sefalosporin pada Bakteri Acinetobacter baumannii. J Sains dan Kesehat. 2020;2(4):379–84
  3. CDC. Antibiotic Resistance Threats In The United States. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019
  4. Soekoyo AR, Sulistiawati S, Setyorini W, Kuntaman K. The Epidemiological Pattern and Risk Factor of ESBL (Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase) Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Gut Bacterial Flora of Dairy Cows and People Surrounding in Rural Area, Indonesia. Indones J Trop Infect Dis. 2020;8(3):144
  5. Mutmainna, Armalia N, Irianti EC. Pengobatan Tradisional. J Kesehat USIMAR. 2022;1(1):32–41
  6. Adiyasa MR, Meiyanti. Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional di Indonesia: Distribusi dan Faktor Demografis yang Berpengaruh. J Biomedika dan Kesehat. 2021;4(3):130–8
  7. Vradinatika A. Kandungan Bawang Putih Dalam Bentuk Ekstrak Sebagai Antifungi Dalam Uji Mikrobiologi. J Kedokt Sains Dan Teknol Med. 2020;3(1):41–8
  8. Pudiarifanti N, Farizal J. Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Bawang Putih Tunggal terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. J Farm Higea. 2022;14(1):66
  9. Batiha GES, Beshbishy AM, Wasef LG, Elewa YHA, Al-Sagan AA, El-Hack MEA, et al. Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):1–21
  10. Fahmi YI, Andriana A, Hidayati DS. Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) Terhadap Bakteri (Staphylococcus aureus). J Kedokt. 2019;4(2):82
  11. Saputra AN, Mahyarudin M, Yanti SN, Asseggaf RS. Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika dan Sains. Pendidik Inform dan Sains. 2023;12(1):256–65
  12. Gosal L, Hutomo S, Sooai CM. Kemampuan ekstrak etanol bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) dalam menghambat perlekatan bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Heal. 2021;3(1):1–8
  13. Pakpahan dan Sutriningsih. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi N-Heksan, Etil Asetat, dan Butanol (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis Secara In Vitro. Indones Nat Res Pharm J. 2020;5(2):12–9
  14. Lisi AKF, Runtuwene MRJ, Wewengkang DS. Uji Fitokimia Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Dari Ekstrak Metanol Bunga Soyogik (Saurauia bracteosa DC.). Pharmacon J Ilm Farm. 2017;6(1)
  15. Taupik M, Suryadi AMA, Hiola F, Rannu J. Karakterisasi Senyawa Minyak Atsiri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.). Indones J Pharm Educ. 2021;1(2):127–35
  16. Ariami P, Danuyati I, Anggreni BR. Efektifitas Teh Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) Sebagai Antimikroba Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Teknol Lab. 2017;3(1):3–8
  17. Wakhidah I. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli ESBL dan Proteus mirabilis. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional Surakarta; 2020
  18. Datta FU, Daki AN, Benu I, Detha AIR, Foeh NDFK, Ndaong NA. Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Bakteri Asam Laktat Cairan Rumen Terhadap Pertumbuhan Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus Menggunakan Metode Difusi Sumur Agar. Pros Semin Nas VII Fak Kedokt Hewan Univ Nusa Cendana. 2019;66–85
  19. Nurhayati LS, Yahdiyani N, Hidayatulloh A. Perbandingan Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Starter Yogurt dengan Metode Difusi Sumuran dan Metode Difusi Cakram. J Teknol Has Peternak. 2020;1(2):41
  20. Prihandani SS, Poeloengan M, Noor SM, Andriani. Antibacterial Activity Test Of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Powder Against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium And Pseudomonas aeruginosa For Improving Food Safety. Inform Pertan. 2015;24(1):53
  21. Idris AR, Afegbua SL. Single and joint antibacterial activity of aqueous garlic extract and Manuka honey on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2017;111(10):472–8
  22. Hardiati A, Susilo J, Satriani MA, Soehartono H. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) terhadap Klebsiella sp.: In Vitro. J Vet dan Biomedis. 2023;1(1):1–4
  24. Laia IM. Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol, Etil Asetat, N-Heksan Bawang-Bawangan Sebagai Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif Dalam Penelitian Obat Tradisional. Institut Kesehatan Helvetia Medan; 2019
  25. Choo S, Chin VK, Wong EH, Madhavan P, Tay ST, Yong PVC, et al. Review: Antimicrobial Properties of Allicin Used Alone or in Combination with Other Medications. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2020;65(3):451–65
  27. Yuliantari NWA, Widarta IWR, Permana IDGM. Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Ekstraksi Terhadap Kandungan Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Menggunakan Ultrasonik The Influence of Time and Temperature on Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Sirsak Leaf (Annona mur.). Media Ilm Teknol Pangan. 2017;4(1):35–42
  29. Putri DM, Lubis SS. Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Kalayu (Erioglossum rubiginosum (Roxb.) Blum). Amina. 2020;2(3):120–5
  30. Mawan AR, Indriwati SE, Suhadi. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Buah Syzygium polyanthum terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli. Bioeksperimen J Penelit Biol. 2018;4(1):64–8
  31. Sefriyanti, Jayuska A, Alimuddin AH. Uji Aktifitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon bernadus L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. J Kim Khatulistiwa. 2020;8(4):1–4
  32. Anggraini W, Nisa SC, DA RR, ZA BM. Antibacterial activity of 96 % ethanol extract cantaloupe fruit (Cucumis melo L. Var. Cantalupensis) against Escherichia coli bacteria. Pharm J Indones. 2019;5(1):61–6
  33. Dini I, Maryono, Utami N, Hajar S, Hadani A. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Chloroform Extract of Usnea sp. In 2016. p. 195–9

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.