DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v15i4.57378

PERAN POLA MAKAN TERHADAP RETENSI BERAT BADAN PASCAPERSALINAN: LITERATURE REVIEW

1Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

2Departemen Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 3 Jun 2026; Revised: 22 Aug 2026; Accepted: 5 Sep 2026; Available online: 30 Oct 2026; Published: 30 Oct 2026.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is an important maternal health issue associated with an increased risk of obesity and metabolic disorders later in life. Dietary intake is considered one of the main modifiable factors affecting postpartum weight recovery. However, evidence regarding the relationship between dietary patterns and PPWR remains inconsistent.

Objectives: This narrative review aimed to summarize current evidence on the association between dietary patterns and postpartum weight retention among postpartum women.

Methods: This review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and EBSCO for studies published between 2017 and 2026. Eligible studies included postpartum women, assessed dietary patterns or diet quality, and reported postpartum weight retention outcomes. Only full-text human studies published in English were included. Studies focusing solely on pregnancy or infant outcomes without maternal weight assessment were excluded.

Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting mainly of prospective cohort studies conducted in China, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, and the United States. The included studies evaluated various dietary exposures, including dietary diversity, Mediterranean dietary patterns, dietary quality, energy intake, and circadian eating behaviors. Overall, healthier dietary patterns were associated with lower postpartum weight retention. In contrast, poor dietary quality, excessive energy intake, and unhealthy eating behaviors such as night eating were associated with increased PPWR. Mediterranean-style diets and adherence to dietary guidelines showed protective effects against excessive postpartum weight retention.

Conclusion: Healthy dietary patterns may support better postpartum weight recovery and reduce long-term metabolic risk among postpartum women. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to strengthen current evidence and support effective postpartum nutritional strategies.

Keywords: Dietary Patterns; Postpartum Weight Retention; Postpartum Weight Change; Dietary Intake; Diet Quality

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Retensi berat badan postpartum (postpartum weight retention / PPWR) merupakan masalah kesehatan maternal yang penting karena berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko obesitas dan gangguan metabolik di kemudian hari. Asupan makanan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat dimodifikasi dan berperan dalam pemulihan berat badan setelah persalinan. Namun, bukti mengenai hubungan antara pola makan dan PPWR masih menunjukkan hasil yang tidak konsisten.

Tujuan: Tinjauan naratif ini bertujuan untuk merangkum bukti terkini mengenai hubungan antara pola makan dan retensi berat badan postpartum pada wanita postpartum.

Metode: Tinjauan ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui basis data PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, dan EBSCO untuk artikel yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2017–2026. Studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi adalah studi pada wanita postpartum yang menilai pola makan atau kualitas diet serta melaporkan luaran retensi berat badan postpartum. Hanya studi full-text pada manusia yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris yang diikutsertakan. Studi yang hanya berfokus pada luaran kehamilan atau luaran bayi tanpa penilaian berat badan maternal dikeluarkan dari tinjauan.

Hasil: Sebanyak tujuh studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yang sebagian besar merupakan studi kohort prospektif yang dilakukan di China, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, dan United States. Studi-studi tersebut menilai berbagai paparan diet, termasuk keragaman diet, pola makan Mediterania, kualitas diet, asupan energi, dan perilaku makan sirkadian. Secara umum, pola makan yang lebih sehat berhubungan dengan retensi berat badan postpartum yang lebih rendah. Sebaliknya, kualitas diet yang buruk, asupan energi berlebih, dan perilaku makan tidak sehat seperti makan malam hari berhubungan dengan peningkatan PPWR. Pola makan Mediterania dan kepatuhan terhadap pedoman gizi menunjukkan efek protektif terhadap retensi berat badan postpartum berlebih.

Simpulan: Pola makan sehat dapat mendukung pemulihan berat badan postpartum yang lebih baik dan mengurangi risiko metabolik jangka panjang pada wanita postpartum. Penelitian longitudinal dan intervensi lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk memperkuat bukti yang ada serta mendukung strategi nutrisi postpartum yang efektif.

Kata Kunci : Pola Makan; Retensi Berat Badan Pascapersalinan; Perubahan Berat Badan Pascapersalinan; Asupan Makanan; Kualitas Diet

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Keywords: Pola Makan; Retensi Berat Badan Pascapersalinan; Perubahan Berat Badan Pascapersalinan; Asupan Makanan; Kualitas Diet

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