DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v15i3.54120

HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN HEMODIALISIS DI RUMAH SAKIT PANTI RAPIH YOGYAKARTA

Program Studi Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Received: 17 Dec 2025; Revised: 29 Jun 2026; Accepted: 13 Jul 2026; Available online: 27 Jul 2026; Published: 27 Jul 2026.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis face physical, psychological, and social challenges that may reduce their quality of life (QoL). Malnutrition is common due to catabolic stress, inadequate nutrient intake, and chronic inflammation. Comprehensive nutritional assessment using anthropometric and biochemical parameters, together with the Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS), may help identify nutritional factors associated with QoL.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 109 outpatient hemodialysis patients at Panti Rapih Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews, anthropometric measurements (body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, and calf circumference), DMS assessment, and laboratory tests (hemoglobin, albumin, urea, creatinine, and iron parameters). Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression.

Results: The mean BMI was 23.59 ± 4.04 kg/m², mid-upper arm circumference 26.96 ± 4.16 cm, calf circumference 31.74 ± 3.47 cm, DMS score 14.92 ± 4.62, albumin 3.79 ± 0.57 g/dL, and creatinine 8.53 ± 4.07 mg/dL. Bivariate analysis showed that BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, calf circumference, creatinine, and albumin were positively correlated with QoL, whereas DMS was negatively correlated with QoL (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis identified DMS (B = –2.678; p < 0.001), albumin (B = 8.098; p = 0.006), and calf circumference (B = 1.065; p = 0.050) as independent predictors, explaining 44.4% of the variance in QoL.

Conclusion: Nutritional status is significantly associated with QoL among hemodialysis patients. Better nutritional profiles—lower DMS scores, adequate albumin levels, and greater calf circumference—are associated with higher QoL. Regular nutritional screening and individualized nutrition interventions are important to improve patient well-being.

Keywords: Nutritional status; quality of life; hemodialysis; Dialysis Malnutrition Score; albumin

 

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis sering mengalami perubahan fisik, psikologis, dan sosial yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup. Status gizi merupakan determinan penting karena malnutrisi sering terjadi akibat proses katabolik, asupan gizi yang tidak adekuat, dan peradangan kronik. Penilaian status gizi melalui parameter antropometri, biokimia, dan Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS) dapat menggambarkan kondisi nutrisi yang berkaitan dengan kualitas hidup pasien.

Tujuan: Menilai hubungan antara status gizi dan kualitas hidup pasien hemodialisis rawat jalan serta mengidentifikasi faktor status gizi yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup di RS Panti Rapih Yogyakarta.

Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan pada 109 pasien hemodialisis rawat jalan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengukuran antropometri (IMT, LILA, lingkar betis), penilaian DMS, pemeriksaan laboratorium (hemoglobin, albumin, ureum, kreatinin, dan parameter zat besi), serta kuesioner WHOQOL-BREF. Analisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dan regresi linier berganda.

Hasil: Rata-rata IMT adalah 23,59 ± 4,04 kg/m²; LILA 26,96 ± 4,16 cm; lingkar betis 31,74 ± 3,47 cm; skor DMS 14,92 ± 4,62; albumin 3,79 ± 0,57 g/dL; dan kreatinin 8,53 ± 4,07 mg/dL. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan positif signifikan antara IMT, LILA, lingkar betis, albumin, dan kreatinin dengan kualitas hidup, sedangkan DMS menunjukkan hubungan negatif (p < 0,05). Analisis regresi menunjukkan DMS (B = –2,678; p < 0,001), albumin (B = 8,098; p = 0,006), dan lingkar betis (B = 1,065; p = 0,050) sebagai prediktor signifikan dengan kontribusi model 44,4%.

Kesimpulan: Status gizi berhubungan signifikan dengan kualitas hidup pasien hemodialisis. Pasien dengan skor DMS lebih rendah, albumin normal, dan lingkar betis lebih baik cenderung memiliki kualitas hidup lebih tinggi. Pemantauan status gizi dan intervensi gizi penting untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan pasien.

Kata kunci: Status gizi; kualitas hidup; hemodialisis; DMS; albumin

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Keywords: Status gizi; kualitas hidup; hemodialisis; DMS; albumin

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