DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v15i2.53292

DINAMIKA DAN DISPARITAS AKSES PANGAN PADA REMAJA DALAM KONTEKS LINGKUNGAN OBESOGENIK: TINJAUAN NARATIF TENTANG DETERMINAN SOSIO-EKONOMI DAN STRUKTURAL

Departmen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 8 Sep 2025; Revised: 5 Dec 2025; Accepted: 26 Feb 2025; Available online: 30 Apr 2026; Published: 12 May 2026.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background:. Adolescent obesity has risen significantly in developing countries alongside socio-economic changes, urbanization, and nutrition transition. Inequities in food access, both in availability and quality, contribute to dietary shifts among adolescents toward high-energy, nutrient-poor foods.

Objective: To identify the dynamics and disparities in food access among adolescents in obesogenic environments by examining the role of socio-economic and structural determinants influencing dietary behaviors.

Methods: This narrative review involved literature searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. Keywords were applied in both English and Indonesian, focusing on adolescent food access, obesogenic environments, and socio-economic determinants.

Results: Household income, educational level, and social norms influence food affordability and preferences, whereas food outlet distribution, school policies, and food prices determine the availability of healthy options. These determinants interact to reinforce obesogenic cycles, particularly among low-income groups facing both economic and environmental barriers.

Conclusion: Preventing adolescent obesity demands coordinated policies that enhance food access and nutrition education. This review highlights the role of structural inequities in shaping adolescent diets and the need for systemic responses.

Keywords: Adolescent obesity; eating behavior; food access; obesogenic environment; socio economic

 

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Obesitas remaja meningkat secara signifikan di negara berkembang seiring perubahan sosial ekonomi, urbanisasi, dan transisi gizi. Ketimpangan akses pangan dari segi ketersediaan, maupun kualitas berkontribusi pada pergeseran pola makan remaja menuju konsumsi makanan tinggi energi dan rendah gizi.

Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi dinamika dan ketimpangan akses pangan pada remaja di lingkungan obesogenik dengan menelaah peran determinan sosial-ekonomi dan struktural yang memengaruhi perilaku konsumsi pangan.

Metode: Tinjauan naratif dilakukan melalui pencarian literatur pada PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar, mencakup publikasi tahun 2015–2025. Kata kunci digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia terkait akses pangan remaja, lingkungan obesogenik, dan determinan sosial ekonomi.

Hasil: Pendapatan keluarga, pendidikan, dan norma sosial memengaruhi keterjangkauan serta preferensi pangan sedangkan variasi outlet, kebijakan sekolah, dan harga pangan menentukan ketersediaan pilihan sehat. Kedua faktor ini berinteraksi menciptakan siklus obesogenik, terutama pada kelompok sosial ekonomi rendah yang menghadapi hambatan ekonomi dan lingkungan.

Kesimpulan: Pencegahan obesitas remaja membutuhkan pendekatan multi-level melalui kebijakan distribusi pangan, intervensi komunitas, regulasi pemasaran, dan edukasi gizi untuk memastikan akses pangan yang merata dan berkelanjutan. Kajian ini memberikan kontribusi memahami ketidaksetaraan struktural membentuk pola makan remaja dan menyoroti perlunya kebijakan yang bersifat sistemik.

Kata kunci: Akses pangan; lingkungan obesogenik; obesitas remaja; perilaku makan; sosial ekonomi

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Keywords: Akses pangan; lingkungan obesogenik; obesitas remaja; perilaku makan; sosial ekonomi

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