DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v15i4.52216

NARRATIVE REVIEW : PERAN AKUAKULTUR DAN DIVERSIFIKASI PANGAN DALAM MENDUKUNG DIMENSI KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI ERA KRISIS IKLIM

1Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

21Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

3Departemen Oseanografi, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 14 Aug 2025; Revised: 7 Jun 2026; Accepted: 9 Jun 2026; Available online: 30 Oct 2026; Published: 30 Oct 2026.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Climate change increases the vulnerability of coastal food systems through declining capture fisheries productivity, fluctuating fish catches, and unstable fisher’s incomes. These conditions affect all dimensions of food security. Indonesia, however, has considerable potential for aquaculture development and aquatic food diversification as adaptation strategies to climate change.

Objective: This article aimed to analyze the role of aquaculture and aquatic food diversification in achieving food security dimensions among coastal communities amid climate change.

Method: This study used a narrative review approach by conducting literature searches through Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Scientific articles and reports published between 2015 and 2025 were selected based on their relevance to aquaculture, fish-based food diversification, coastal food security, and climate change.

Discussion: The review indicates that aquaculture contributes to food security by providing a more stable supply of aquatic foods throughout the year, livelihood diversification for coastal communities, facilitating access to aquatic foods, increasing household purchasing power, contributing to the stability of fish prices in the market, providing high-quality protein and essential micronutrients that support public health. Furthermore, food diversification based on aquatic commodities contributes to extending shelf life, reducing post-harvest losses, increasing commodity added value, improving access to food, supporting women’s empowerment and household livelihoods, enhancing fish acceptability, and potentially reducing the risk of nutrient deficiencies and malnutrition.

Conclusion: Aquaculture and food diversification based on aquatic commodities have the potential to support all dimensions of food security among coastal communities while serving as an adaptive strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Keywords: Aquaculture; food diversification; food security; coastal communities; climate change

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang : Perubahan iklim meningkatkan kerentanan sistem pangan masyarakat pesisir melalui penurunan produktivitas perikanan tangkap, fluktuasi hasil tangkapan, dan ketidakstabilan pendapatan nelayan. Kondisi tersebut berdampak pada seluruh dimensi ketahanan pangan. Di sisi lain, Indonesia memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan akuakultur dan diversifikasi pangan berbasis komoditas akuatik sebagai strategi adaptasi terhadap krisis iklim.

Tujuan : Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis peran akuakultur dan diversifikasi pangan berbasis komoditas akuatik dalam memperkuat dimensi ketahanan pangan masyarakat pesisir di tengah perubahan iklim.

Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan narrative review dengan penelusuran literatur melalui basis data Scopus dan Google Scholar terhadap artikel ilmiah dan laporan organisasi internasional yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2015–2025. Literatur dipilih berdasarkan relevansi dengan akuakultur, diversifikasi pangan berbasis hasil perikanan, ketahanan pangan masyarakat pesisir, dan perubahan iklim.

Pembahasan : Akuakultur berkontribusi terhadap ketahanan pangan dengan menyediakan pasokan ikan yang lebih stabil sepanjang tahun dan diversifikasi mata pencaharian bagi masyarakat pesisir, memudahkan akses ke pangan akuatik, meningkatkan daya beli keluarga, dan menjaga kestabilan harga komoditas akuatik, menyediakan produk akuatik mengandung protein berkualitas tinggi dan berbagai zat gizi mikro penting yang mendukung kesehatan masyarakat. Selain itu, diversifikasi pangan berbasis hasil perikanan berperan dalam memperpanjang umur simpan produk, mengurangi kehilangan pascapanen, meningkatkan nilai tambah komoditas, memperluas akses, meningkatkan pemberdayaan wanita, perekonomian keluarga, daya terima dan konsumsi ikan, dan berpotensi mencegah defisiensi zat gizi dan masalah gizi.

Kesimpulan : Akuakultur dan diversifikasi pangan berbasis komoditas akuatik berpotensi mendukung berbagai dimensi ketahanan pangan masyarakat pesisir sekaligus sebagai strategi adaptasi terhadap dampak dari perubahan iklim.

Kata kunci: Akuakultur; diversifikasi pangan; ketahanan pangan; masyarakat pesisir; perubahan iklim

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Keywords: Akuakultur; diversifikasi pangan; ketahanan pangan; masyarakat pesisir; perubahan iklim

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