DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v15i3.51165

PERAN FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK UMBI SARANG SEMUT (GENUS MYRMECODIA) TERHADAP POTENSINYA SEBAGAI AGEN ANTIDIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 : NARRATIVE REVIEW

Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Received: 26 May 2025; Revised: 10 Jun 2026; Accepted: 18 Jun 2026; Available online: 27 Jul 2026; Published: 27 Jul 2026.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: The availability of natural plants as an alternative treatment for DMT2 is widespread in Indonesia. The genus Myrmecodia is one of the plants that has long been used as a traditional medicine by local Papuan people to cure cancer and diabetes.

Objectives: This article will review studies related to the genus Myrmecodia regarding phytochemical content, its potential as an antioxidant agent and antidiabetes mellitus type 2.

Methods: This narrative review synthesized 119 references from ScienceDirect, PubMed, Frontiers, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and other respected journal publishers.

Results: Ant nest/ Myrmecodia tubers have the potential as a source of antioxidants as evidenced by their antioxidant activity being classified as very strong (IC₅₀ < 50 ppm), have antidiabetic potential by being able to inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme, improve insulin sensitivity and secretion, and protect β-cells, although specifically several specific molecular mechanisms of action are not yet known.

Conclusion: Ant nest tuber has the potential as an additional therapy in type 2 diabetes to control blood sugar and provide antioxidant protection. Although preclinical data supports it, clinical research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness. Standardization of extracts and dose-response testing in humans are important next steps for the development of phytotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords : Myrmecodia; ant nest; antioxidant; antidiabetes

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Ketersediaan tanaman alami sebagai alternatif pengobatan DMT2 tersebar luas di Indonesia. Genus Myrmecodia merupakan salah satu tanaman yang telah lama digunakan sebagai pengobatan tradisional masyarakat lokal Papua untuk menyembuhkan kanker dan diabetes.

Tujuan: Artikel ini akan mengulas studi yang berkaitan dengan genus Myrmecodia mengenai kandungan fitokimia, potensinya sebagai agen antioksidan dan antidiabetes melitus tipe 2.

Metode: Sumber informasi ilmiah mengambil 119 referensi yang berasal dari database literatur ilmiah online, termasuk Science Direct, PubMed, Frontiers, Springer, Google Scholar dan penerbit jurnal lain yang terkemuka.

Hasil: Umbi sarang semut/Myrmecodia menunjukkan potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan yang dilaporkan dengan aktivitas antioksidannya tergolong sangat kuat (IC₅₀ < 50 ppm), memiliki potensi antidiabetes dengan cara mampu menghambat kerja enzim α-glukosidase, memperbaiki sensitivitas serta sekresi insulin, dan melindungi sel-β, meski secara spesifik beberapa mekanisme kerja molekuler secara spesifik belum diketahui.

Simpulan: Umbi sarang semut/Myrmecodia berpotensi sebagai terapi tambahan pada diabetes tipe 2 untuk mengontrol gula darah dan memberikan perlindungan antioksidan. Meski data praklinis mendukung, diperlukan penelitian klinis untuk mengkonfirmasi keamanan dan efektivitasnya. Standardisasi ekstrak dan uji dosis-respons pada manusia menjadi langkah penting berikutnya untuk pengembangan fitoterapi diabetes melitus tipe 2.

Kata Kunci: Myrmecodia; sarang semut; antioksidan; antidiabetes; spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS)

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Keywords: Myrmecodia; sarang semut; antioksidan; antidiabetes; spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS)

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