PERBEDAAN ASUPAN MAKRONUTRIEN IBU HAMIL MALNUTRISI DAN TIDAK MALNUTRISI DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: The nutritional intake of pregnant women is an important factor, both for fulfilling the nutrition of pregnant women and for the growth and development of the fetus. Poor nutritional intake during pregnancy causes pregnant women to be malnourished and at risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight and stunted toddlers.

Objectives: The objectives of this study was to determine the differences in macronutrient intake (energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat) between malnourished and non-malnourished pregnant women in Bandar Lampung City.

Methods: This research uses a quantitative method with a cross sectional approach design. The population of this study was pregnant women in Bandar Lampung City. The sample consisted of 190 pregnant women taken using consecutive sampling technique at the Bandar Lampung City Health Center. The research instrument used a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). The analysis used in this research is the independent t-test.

Results: The research results show that malnourished pregnant women have an average energy intake that is less than the nutritional recommended dietary allowance (RDA), protein intake is lower than those who are not malnourished even though it is above the RDA, carbohydrate intake is below the RDA, and fat intake is in accordance with the RDA. There were differences in the mean intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein and fat between malnourished and non-malnourished pregnant women (p=<0.001; p=<0.001; p=<0.001; p=<0.001).

Conclusion: There were differences in macronutrient intake between malnourished and non-malnourished pregnant women. The macronutrient intake of malnourished pregnant women is lower than that of non-malnourished pregnant women.

Keywords : Macronutrient intake; pregnant women; malnutrition

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Asupan gizi ibu hamil merupakan faktor penting, baik untuk pemenuhan gizi ibu hamil maupun untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin. Asupan gizi yang buruk saat hamil menyebabkan ibu hamil kekurangan gizi (malnutrisi) dan berisiko melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah dan balita stunting..

Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan asupan makronutrien (energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak) pada ibu hamil yang malnutrisi dan yang tidak malnutrisi di Kota Bandar Lampung.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitaif dengan desain pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil di Kota Bandar Lampung. Sampel berjumlah 190 orang ibu hamil trimester 1 dan 2 yang diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling di Puskesmas Kota Bandar Lampung. Instrumen penelitian mengggunakan semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah independent t-test.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa ibu hamil malnutrisi memiliki rerata asupan energi kurang dari angka kecukupan gizi (AKG), asupan protein lebih rendah dibandingkan yang tidak malnutrisi meskipun di atas AKG, asupan karbohidrat di bawah AKG, serta asupan lemak sesuai dengan AKG. Terdapat perbedaan rerata asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak antara ibu hamil malnutrisi dan tidak malnutrisi (p=<0,001; p=<0,001; p=<0,001; p=<0,001).

Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan asupan makronutrien pada ibu hamil yang malnutrisi dan yang tidak malnutrisi. Asupan makronutrien ibu hamil malnutrisi lebih rendah dari ibu hamil tidak malnutrisi.

Kata Kunci : Asupan makronutrien; ibu hamil; malnutrisi