1.RADIKALISASI GERAKAN PERLINDUNGAN BINATANG: SERANGAN ECO-TERORISME “OPERATION BITE BACK” OLEH ANIMAL LIBERATION FRONT DI AMERIKA SERIKAT

Abstract

The vast growth of the environmentalist and animal rights movement during the 20th
century has posed radicalization within it. Being labeled as the most active radical animal
rights group in the United States, Animal Liberation Front (ALF) has emerged as the most
serious domestic terrorist threat in the country. In 1990, ALF created a series of attacks
called “Operation Bite Back”, through which it imposed threats and showed how this act
of eco-terrorism is perpetrated. The purpose of this research is to give explanatory answer
to why ALF chose the method of eco-terrorism in Operation Bite Back. By using Resource
Mobilization theory, the result of this research is that the ALF’s cell-formed
organizational structure and its leaderless resistance strategy give its members chances to
become the key players and conduct their own attacks. In this case, Rod Coronado became
the main variable of the eco-terrorist attacks. The analysis of this case has proven the
rationaliy of the actor in deciding the method and how internal and external factors are
interconnected and mobilized, making it highly significant to the formation of movements.