ANALISIS VON MISES STRESS PADA TULANG L4 HINGGA L5 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA

*Denys Bungaran  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Jamari Jamari  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Tri Indah Winarni  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi tegangan von Mises pada segmen tulang belakang lumbar L4–L5 akibat variasi pembebanan multiaxial menggunakan metode elemen hingga. Model 3D tulang lumbar dikonstruksi dari data CT-scan pasien lansia dan diproses melalui perangkat lunak Mimics, Geomagic Studio, dan SolidWorks. Simulasi dilakukan dengan pemberian gaya aksial sebesar 500 N dan momen 10 N.m, disertai variasi gerakan fleksi, ekstensi, lateral bending, serta rotasi aksial. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa endplate merupakan bagian yang paling banyak menerima tegangan, terutama saat gerakan fleksi dan lateral bending kanan. Annulus fibrosus juga mengalami tegangan cukup tinggi, sedangkan nucleus pulposus menunjukkan nilai tegangan paling rendah di semua kondisi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas seperti membungkuk dan memiringkan tubuh secara berulang dapat meningkatkan risiko cedera biomekanik seperti Hernia Nucleus Pulposus (HNP), khususnya pada populasi lansia. Temuan ini memberikan dasar biomekanik penting untuk mendukung diagnosis dan strategi rehabilitasi tulang belakang.

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Keywords: analisis elemen hingga; anulus; l4-l5; ligamen; nukleus; plat ujung; stres von mises, tulang belakang lumbal
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