25. PERUSAHAAN MILITER SWASTA DALAM SENGKETA BERSENJATA INTERNASIONAL: STUDI KASUS OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM DI AFGHANISTAN TAHUN 2001-2010

Abstract

The end of the Cold War marked the beginning of New War, where the war is no longer
between state actors, but among the non-state actors, such as private military companies
(PMC). PMC was established to accommodate the Cold War’s veterans and the soldier
who are out of contract or civilians to serve as mercenaries. This study is an initial attempt
to investigate the use of PMC in Afghanistan and how it effects on Operation Enduring
Freedom, the effort of the warlords in doing military privatization for the sake of financial
interest, and how PMC could be actively involved in international armed conflicts and
weaken the monopoly of force which is only owned by the state. The method of this study
is descriptive and tend to use inductive analysis approach. Process and meaning more
highlighted in this qualitative study. Marxism is used as foundation of the theory to guide
this study in accordance with the facts available. This study shows how power, money,
using democracy and freedom as disguise, and underlying motives is carrying out military
activities in some countries. It also presents an overview of the benefits which PMC
offered and the huge damages such offers had violated human rights.