21. POLITIK PANGAN: HEGEMONI KOMODITAS PERTANIAN GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS AMERIKA SERIKAT DI DUNIA TAHUN 2011-2014

Abstract

Food sector particularly agricultural commodities is important for a country. Import is one
of the policy when there is food scarcity. The US is one of the importers of food
commodities. Interesting to study US agricultural commodities given the Genetically
Modified Organisms which is still a debate about food safety. The research objective was
to determine the disclosure of US GMO agricultural commodities and whether USAID
became a tool of US hegemony to 41 countries in 2011-2014. This study uses the theory of
Gramscian hegemony and neo-colonial dependency model Todaro and Smith with
quantitative research methods. By this theory, the researchers will explain the US
measures affecting food trade policy of developing countries. The results of this study are
the US does not do the classification of agricultural commodities. Pearson correlation test
showed strong positive correlation between the USAID Economic Development with the
import of agricultural commodities from the United States in Southeast Asia and the
Pacific. However, there is a significant correlation in South Asia, European non Western
Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America and the
Caribbean. Regression analysis showed two subsectors Economic Development were
significant negative effect on imports of agricultural commodities from the US that
variable private sector competitiveness and trade and Investment. While variable
agriculture, economic opportunity, financial sector, infrastructure, and macroeconomic
foundation for growth is not significant. These findings indicate that the trade in
agricultural commodities, USAID does not necessarily become a tool of US hegemony in
the country to increase imports of agricultural commodities. However, do not rule out this
subsector affect the import of commodities other than agricultural commodities.