SIMULASI PENGARUH KETEBALAN YOKE ROTOR, JARAK ANTAR KUTUB DAN JENIS MATERIAL MAGNET PERMANEN TERHADAP RAPAT FLUKS PADA GENERATOR SINKRON FLUKS AKSIAL

Abstract

Abstrak

Generator sinkron magnet permanen fluks aksial adalah generator sinkron yang menggunakan material magnet permanen sebagai pengganti kumparan medan pada rotor sehingga tidak diperlukan adanya pembangkit (exciter) dan sikat  dengan arah aliran fluks secara tegak lurus .Pada generator ini rotor dan stator berbentuk piringan (cakram). Generator sinkron bekerja berdasarkan prinsip induksi elektromagnetik. Ada beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap jumlah fluks magnet yang dihasilkan pada generator.  Dalam penelitian  ini simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Finite Elemen Metode Magnetic(FEMM) dengan menggunakan spesifikasi rotor sebagai berikut jumlah kutub permanen 12 kutub, material magnet permanen keramik, diameter magnet permanen 23 cm,  tebal  magnet permanen 1,2 cm  bentuk material yoke lingkaran, material  yoke besi (pure iron). Desain simulasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui sebaran fluks magnetik pada rotor dan membuktikan adanya pengaruh tebal yoke, jarak antar kutub dan jenis material magnet permanen pada model rotor generator yang Flux Magnetik tipe Aksial. Variasi tebal yoke 1 cm, 2cm, 3cm,4cm dan jarak antar magnet 1 cm, 1,5 cm, 2 cm, 2,5 cm, 3 cm, 3,5 cm dan 4 cm. Jenis material magnet yang divariasikan NdFeB, Alnico, keramik. Dari hasil simulasi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Jarak antar magnet dan tebal yoke rotor berpengaruh pada kerapatan fluks rotor pada generator sinkron magnet permanen fluks aksial, berdasarkan hasil data simulasi didapatkan kerapatan fluks terbesar 0,45293 Tesla pada jarak antar kutub magnet 1 cm dan tebal yoke rotor 2 cm dan material jenis NdFeB 52 menghasilkan kerapatan fluks paling besar daripada Alnico 8 dan ceramic 8 pada jarak antar magnet 1 cm, tebal yoke 1 cm dan tebal magnet 1,2 cm yaitu sebesar NdFeB 52 = 1,53839 T ,Alnico 8 = 0,682809 T dan ceramic 8 = 0,419436 T.

Kata kunci: Generator sinkron magnet permanen fluks aksial, tebal yoke rotor, jarak antar kutub magnet permanen, jenis material magnet, distribusi fluks magnet

Abstract

Synchronous generator is the axial flux permanent magnet, synchronous generator that uses permanent magnet material as a substitute for field coils on the rotor so it does not need the availability of the plant (exciter) and brush with the direction of flow is perpendicular flux. During this generator rotor and stator disc-shaped (disc). Synchronous generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. There are several factors that influence the amount of magnetic flux produced in the generator. In this research simulations done using Finite Element Method Magnetic software (FEMM 4.2) using the following specifications total rotor pole 12 pole permanent, permanent magnetic material, ceramic permanent magnet diameter 23 cm, 1.2 cm thick permanent magnet yoke material form a circle , iron yoke material (pure iron). Design simulation conducted to determine the distribution of magnetic flux in the rotor and prove the yoke heavy influence, the distance between the poles and the permanent magnet material types on the model of the generator rotor type Axial Magnetic Flux. Yoke thickness variation of 1 cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm and magnetic spacing of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 3.5 cm and 4 cm. The varied types of magnetic material NdFeB, Alnico, ceramic. From the simulation results, we can conclude that the distance between the magnet and the rotor yoke  thickness effect on the rotor flux density in permanent magnet synchronous generator axial flux, based on the simulation, 0.45293 Tesla is obtained as the largest flux density distance of 1 cm between the magnetic poles and the rotor yoke thickness of 2 cm and  NdFeB 52 material types produce the flux density of ceramic 8 and  Alnico 8 at 1 cm spacing magnet, yoke 1 cm thick and 1.2 cm thick taker magnet  NdFeB 52 = 1.53839 T, Alnico 8 = 0.682809 T and ceramic 8 = 0.419436 T.

Keyword: Generator axial flux permanent magnet synchronous, rotor yoke thickness, the distance between the poles of a permanent magnet, magnet material types, the distribution of magnetic flux