Pengaruh Variasi Waktu dan Media Pendingin Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Tekuk Pengelasan SMAW Dissimilar Baja ASTM A36 dan SS304

*Restu Sri Saptoaji  -  Departemen Teknik Perkapalan, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Ari Wibawa Budi Santosa  -  Departemen Teknik Perkapalan, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Untung Budiarto  -  Departemen Teknik Perkapalan, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia

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Abstract
Pengelasan dissimilar merupakan metode penyambungan dua jenis material dengan sifat kimia dan mekanik yang berbeda, yang banyak diaplikasikan dalam industri perkapalan. Baja ASTM A36 dan SS304 merupakan material yang umum digunakan, namun perbedaan karakteristik keduanya dapat memengaruhi kualitas sambungan las. Salah satu parameter penting yang berpengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik hasil pengelasan adalah media dan waktu pendinginan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi media pendingin (air dan oli) serta waktu pendinginan (0 menit, 2 menit, dan 4 menit) terhadap kekuatan tarik dan tekuk hasil pengelasan SMAW dissimilar baja ASTM A36 dan SS304. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan metode eksperimental dengan pembuatan spesimen uji tarik dan uji tekuk sesuai standar ASTM E8 dan ASTM E290. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi media dan waktu pendinginan memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap sifat mekanik sambungan las. Pendinginan menggunakan media oli dengan waktu 4 menit menghasilkan nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi sebesar 426,07 MPa serta menunjukkan performa uji tekuk terbaik dengan nilai ultimate flexural strength tertinggi yaitu 754,83 MPa. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pendinginan oli dengan waktu 4 menit mampu meningkatkan keuletan dan ketahanan deformasi plastis sambungan las dissimilar, sehingga lebih sesuai untuk aplikasi struktural, khususnya pada industri perkapalan.
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Keywords: Pengelasan SMAW; Dissimilar Welding; Media Pendingin; Waktu Pendinginan; Uji Tarik; Uji Tekuk;
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Language : EN
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