STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH U-GROOVE TERHADAP KONTUR TURBULENCE KINETIC ENERGY DAN PENINGKATAN TORSI TURBIN GORLOV PADA ARUS LAUT

*Marsellinus Jonathan Siagian  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Syaiful Syaiful  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Shofwan Bahar  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia

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Abstract

Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki potensi energi arus laut yang sangat besar untuk dikembangkan menjadi sumber energi listrik ramah lingkungan. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Laut (PLTAL) merupakan teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengkonversi energi kinetik arus laut menjadi energi listrik, dengan turbin sebagai komponen utamanya. Turbin Gorlov merupakan salah satu jenis turbin sumbu vertikal (VAWT) yang banyak diterapkan dalam sistem konversi energi hidrokinetik sebagai pengembangan dari turbin Darrieus konvensional. Turbin dengan bilah berbentuk heliks ini memiliki keunggulan berupa kemampuan self-starting serta stabilitas rotasi yang baik, namun kurang efektif digunakan pada kecepatan aliran rendah. Studi ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan performa turbin Gorlov pada kondisi arus laut kecepatan rendah melalui modifikasi bilah dengan penambahan U-groove. Modifikasi bilah kemudian dibandingkan dengan turbin Gorlov tanpa groove dan dievaluasi melalui simulasi CFD dengan k-ω SST sebagai model turbulensi yang digunakan pada solver ANSYS Fluent 2022. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan adanya fenomena dynamic stall pada aliran di sekitar turbin Gorlov saat beroperasi pada TSR rendah. Fenomena ini kemudian mereda secara bertahap seiring meningkatnya kecepatan rotasi turbin. Penambahan U-groove pada permukaan bilah menurunkan intensitas Energi Kinetik Turbulen (TKE) pada aliran, sehingga berdampak terhadap peningkatan performa turbin. Peningkatan performa ditandai dengan torsi maksimum turbin dengan U-groove yang unggul sebesar 4,18% dibandingkan turbin tanpa groove.

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Keywords: energi kinetik turbulen; kontrol aliran pasif; simulasi cfd; turbin heliks gorlov; u-groove
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