Suplementasi Alginat dan Spirulina Meningkatkan Ketahanan Udang Litopenaeus vannamei Terhadap Pajanan Salinitas

Abstract

Permintaan pasar yang tinggi membuat Litopenaeus vannamei menjadi komoditas penting yang perlu ditingkatkan produksinya. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produksi budidaya udang adalah dengan memberikan pakan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari suplementasi alginat dan Spirulina dalam pakan udang pada ketahanan terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup, stres salinitas, serta pertumbuhan panjang dan berat dari post-larvae L. vannamei. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan suplementasi selama 14 hari yang terdiri dari K (kontrol), perlakuan AS 1 (Alg 1 g+Spr 1 mg/kg), perlakuan AS 2 (Alg 2 g+Spr 2 mg/kg), dan perlakuan AS 3 (Alg 3 g+Spr 5 mg/kg) dengan masing-masing 4 pengulangan. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup L. vannamei dihitung kemudian dilakukan uji stres salinitas dengan menempatkan udang dari media bersalinitas 25 ppt menjadi 0 ppt. Kelulushidupan udang dicatat setiap 10 menit hingga kematian mencapai >50% dari total udang keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi diperoleh pada udang dengan perlakuan K (87,5%), diikuti AS 1 (85,5%), AS 2 (85%), dan AS 3 (79,5%). Ketahanan terhadap salinitas dengan waktu terlama secara berurutan terjadi pada udang dengan perlakuan AS 1 (100 menit), AS 2 (90 menit) serta K (80 menit) dan AS 3 (80 menit). Pertumbuhan panjang tertinggi terdapat pada AS 3 (0,940 cm), AS 2 (0,926 cm), AS 1 (0,897 cm), dan K (0,890 cm). Pertumbuhan berat tergolong sama pada K (0,023 g), AS 1 (0,023 g), dan AS 3 (0,023 g) dan berat terkecil terdapat pada perlakuan AS 2 (0,018 g).

High market demand makes Litopenaeus vannamei an important commodity that needs to be increased in production. One of the efforts to increase the production of shrimp aquaculture is to provide feed according to the needs. This study aims to determine the effect of alginate and Spirulina supplementation in shrimp feed on resistance to survival, salinity stress, and growth in length and weight of L. vannamei post-larvae. The research method was carried out by supplementation for 14 days consisting of K (control), AS 1 treatment (Alg 1 g+Spr 1 mg/kg), AS 2 treatment (Alg 2 g+Spr 2 mg/kg), and AS 3 treatments. (Alg 3 g+Spr 5 mg/kg) with 4 repetitions each. The survival rate of L. vannamei was calculated then a salinity stress test was carried out by placing the shrimp from media with a salinity of 25 ppt to 0 ppt. Shrimp survival was recorded every 10 minutes until death reached > 50% of the total shrimp. The results showed that the highest survival rate was obtained in shrimp treated with K (87.5%), followed by AS 1 (85.5%), AS 2 (85%), and AS 3 (79.5%). Resistance to salinity with the longest time sequentially occurred in shrimp treated with AS 1 (100 minutes), AS 2 (90 minutes) and K (80 minutes) and AS 3 (80 minutes). The highest growth in length was found in AS 3 (0.940 cm), AS 2 (0.926 cm), AS 1 (0.897 cm), and K (0.890 cm). Weight growth was the same in K (0.023 g), AS 1 (0.023 g), and AS 3 (0.023 g) and the smallest weight was found in AS 2 treatment (0.018 g).