Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton dan Parameter Kualitas Air Di Perairan Paciran, Lamongan

Abstract

Fitoplankton dapat digunakan sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan. Struktur komunitas fitoplankton peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas fitoplankton dan kondisi kualitas air di Perairan Paciran, Lamongan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif yang di olah dengan Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Penentuan lokasi dilakukan dengan purposive sampling method yang terdiri dari 4 stasiun, yaitu area dermaga nelayan, ekosistem mangrove, TPI Weru dan marine shipbuilding. Komposisi jenis fitoplankton di Perairan Paciran, Lamongan ditemukan 24 genus fitoplankton dari 4 kelas yaitu Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae dan Cyanophyceae. Genus yang paling umum dijumpai adalah Skeletonema. Kelimpahan fitoplankton rata-rata berkisar 41,44 – 116,56 sel/L. Indeks keanekaragaman dan keseragaman termasuk kategori sedang berkisar 1,04 – 3,33 dan 0,33 – 1,05. Indeks dominasi termasuk kategori rendah berkisar 0,01 – 0,15. Hasil kelimpahan fitoplankton di Perairan Paciran, Lamongan berkorelasi positif dengan oksigen terlarut, fosfat, nitrat, salinitas, dan suhu. Sedangkan pH dan arus menunjukkan adanya korelasi negatif.

Phytoplankton can be used as a bioindicator of water quality. The structure of the phytoplankton community is sensitive to changes in the aquatic environment. This study aims to determine the structure of the phytoplankton community and the condition of water quality in Paciran waters, Lamongan. The method used in this research is descriptive exploratory which is processed by Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Determination of the location is done by purposive sampling method which consists of 4 stations, namely the fishing pier area, mangrove ecosystem, TPI Weru and marine shipbuilding. The composition of phytoplankton species in Paciran waters, Lamongan found 24 phytoplankton genera from 4 classes, namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae. The most common genus is Skeletonema. The abundance of phytoplankton on average ranged from 41.44 to 116.56 cells/L. The index of diversity and uniformity was included in the medium category ranging from 1.04 to 3.33 and 0.33 to 1.05. The dominance index is included in the low category ranging from 0.01 to 0.15. The results of the abundance of phytoplankton in Paciran Waters, Lamongan have a positive correlation with dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, salinity, and temperature. Meanwhile, pH and current show a negative correlation.