PAJANAN PESTISIDA DAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA PETANI PADI DI DESA LAMPUYANG KECAMATAN TELUK SAMPIT KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR

Abstract

Lampuyang Village is one of the villages where majority of the population work as farmers. Excessive use of pesticides can affect a decrease in cholinesterase activity and cause hypertension. The results of preliminary study on December 19 2022 showed that 7 out of 10 farmers experienced hypertension with an average blood pressure of 152/91 mmHg. Hypertension at Lampuyang Village has increased from 97 cases in 2020 to 118 cases in 2021 and 223 cases in 2022. This study aims to determine the relationship between pesticides exposure and incidence of hypertension among rice farmers at Lampuyang Village. This type of research is analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 95 rice farmers, obtained by simple random sampling. Data were collected by interview using a questionnaire, observation and measurement of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate using the Chi square statistical test. Hypertension was found in 58 farmers (61.1%), working period >10 years in 80 farmers (84.2%) with an average of 26 years, length of work ≥5 hours/day in 45 farmers (47.4%) with an average of 4 hours, type of pesticide ≥2 in 69 farmers (72.6%), inappropriate pesticide doses was found in 51 farmers (53.7%), poor pesticide storage in 84 farmers (88.4%), spraying frequency ≥2 times in 67 farmers (70.5%) and incomplete use of PPE in 71 farmers (74.7%). Statistical test results showed that the related variables were working period (p=0.001), type of pesticide (p=0.003), pesticides storage (p=0.034), spraying frequency (p=0.002), use of PPE (p=0.001) and smoking habits (p=0, 028) and variables that were not related were length of work (p=0.406), pesticide doses (p=0.788), foods high in sodium (p=0.412) and history of hypertension (p=0.457). This study concludes that working period, type of pesticide, pesticide storage, spraying frequency, use of PPE and smoking habits are associated with the incidence of hypertension.