Analisis Kelemahan Rezim European Union Emission Trading Scheme dalam Menghadapi Carousel Fraud pada Tahun 2010 – 2015

Abstract

European Union Emission Trading Scheme as the world largest carbon trading regime, has
launched in 2005. From 2005 until now EU ETS has been pass three phase, which every
period has a significant change on EU ETS regime. Carousel fraud is one of fraud which
harms European union member states, in EU ETS carousel fraud is make EU country loss
their GDP until 5 billion euro in 2011. EU ETS regime is struggling to counter this fraud, in
order to secure their member states from carousel fraud in the future EU ETS through
European Commision recommend anti-fraud mechanism which every country should
implement. But not all states comply with the recommendation from European Commision.
This research is struggling to find out why not all EU ETS member states comply with
European Commission recommendation. For the record, EU ETS is “classic” fraud which
also happens in many Europe commodity market. This research purpose is to find out why
there is no consensus among EU member states. This research uses qualitative research
method with international regime theory and compliance theory to analyze regime and states
behavior. According to the result of this research, national interest is the main reason why
states not meet the consensus, non-states actor also playing significant rules in EU ETS and
them also responsible for carousel fraud which happens in EU ETS.