Celah Kejahatan dalam Relasi Pangan-Manusia Studi Kasus Ndrangheta dalam Kejahatan Pangan di Italia

Abstract

Food crime in the form of food product fraud especially in fraudulent olive oil
commodities frequently occurred in the period 2014 to 2017 in Italy. The estimated profit
gained by organized crime groups reaches millions of euros. Italian agriculture has finally
become the focus of  mafia's Ndrangheta involvement in the food chain. This research is
aimed to find out why the Ndrangheta group committed food crime in Italy and to
analyzed the Ndrangheta group as transnational organized crime group. The Ndrangheta
group in the Italian food crime scheme is puzzling as to why human-food relations bring
up the Ndrangheta group to commit food crimes in Italy. In response to this phenomenon,
this thesis used the concept of transnational organized crime groups and non-traditional
security concepts, with qualitative methods. The results showing that the presence and
characteristics of the Ndrangheta group, the socio-economic conditions of the Calabria
region and the facilitative system encouraged food crime take place in Italy. Also extreme
power of Ndrangheta made them worse to be controlled. Therefore multilateral
cooperation is needed in the form of institutions or regimes that can press for the urgency
of food crime, pursue strategies in deterring and detecting the existence of organized crime
groups.