3. KEGAGALAN DIPLOMASI PEMERINTAH AUSTRALIA DALAM PEMBEBASAN TERPIDANA HUKUMAN MATI KASUS BALI NINE DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Execution of the death penalty in The Bali Nine Case made The Government of Australia
did some of diplomatic efforts to rescue the two Australian prisoners, namely Myuran
Sukumaran and Andrew Chan. Those efforts are made through smart diplomacy, the type
of diplomacy that combines soft power diplomacy and hard power diplomacy. Moreover,
there were also diplomatic efforts that undertaken by the international organization to
rescue both of convicted from the death penalty. However, the entire diplomacy was failed
after the decisions to reject the clemency for the two prisoners was issued by The
President Jokowi, which in turn made the bilateral relation between Indonesia and
Australia were in conflict. This research aim to analyze the cause of releasing the
decisions to reject the clemency in The Bali Nine case, which is also causing the failure of
Australian Government’s diplomacy to Indonesia in that case. The framework used in this
research is the concept of diplomacy and foreign policy to explain the case of Bali Nine,
and also the theory of foreign policy analysis by Snyder to analyze the decisions in the
rejection of clemency. The type of this research is explanatory, using qualitative data
analysis techniques from the primary and secondary data accumulation. The result of this
research explains that there are four determinant factors that come from the internal and
external state, which makes the rejection of clemency decision (Indonesia). These four
factors include: The first factor comes from the perspective of President Jokowi and his
government as the main actor of policymakers for the rejection of clemency. The second
comes from the public opinion of Indonesian people through the case of Bali Nine. The
third comes from the relation between Indonesia and Australia in Tony Abbott’s era, while
the fourth comes from the perception of the countries in Southeast Asia against drugs
crime.