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ANALISIS PENGARUH FENOMENA INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE (IOD) TERHADAP CURAH HUJAN DI PULAU JAWA

Departemen Teknik Geodesi FT Undip, Indonesia

Received: 25 Jan 2018; Published: 29 Jan 2018.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK

Indonesia merupakan negara beriklim tropis yang hanya memiliki dua musim yaitu musim hujan dan musim kemarau. Secara umum, musim hujan di Indonesia terjadi pada bulan Maret sampai Oktober dan musim kemarau terjadi pada bulan April sampai September. Meskipun musim terjadi secara periodik tetapi musim dapat bergeser. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran musim di wilayah Indonesia adalah fenomena Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Metode pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan bahasa pemograman untuk mengolah data suhu permukaan laut Reynolds dan data curah hujan TRMM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola spasial dan hubungan antara suhu permukaan laut serta curah hujan saat terjadi fenomena IOD di Pulau Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh fenomena IOD terhadap intensitas curah hujan dan suhu permukaan laut terjadi secara bersamaan pada bulan Juli sampai bulan November. Saat IOD positif nilai suhu permukaan laut 23,949 0C - 29,179 0C sedangkan intensitas curah hujan 0,250 mm/hari - 14,308 mm/hari. Saat IOD negatif nilai suhu permukaan laut 26,425 0C - 30,036 0C sedangkan intensitas curah hujan 0,586 mm/hari -14,982 mm/hari. Korelasi curah hujan dan suhu permukaan laut  menunjukkan korelasi searah yang sangat kuat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jika penurunan suhu permukaan laut saat IOD positif akan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan intensitas curah hujan dan peningkatan suhu permukaan laut saat IOD negatif berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan intensitas curah hujan.

Kata Kunci: Curah hujan, IOD, Suhu Permukaan Laut

 

 

ABSTRACT

Indonesia is a tropical country which has two seasons, wet season and dry season. In general, wet season occurs in October to March and dry season occurs in April until september. Although the season occurs periodically but sometimes the seasons are shifting. One of the factors that caused the change of season is the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon. Method of processing data in this research used programming language to processed sea surface temperature from Reynolds SST data and rainfall from TRMM data.The aim of this research is to determine the spatial pattern and relationship between sea surface temperature and rainfall during the IOD phenomenon in java island. The IOD phenomenon affects the rainfall intensity and sea surface temperature simultaneously in July to November. In positive IOD, sea surface temperature is 23.949 0C – 29.179 0C while rainfall intensity is 0.250 mm/day – 14.308 mm/day. In negative IOD, sea surface temperature is 26.425 0C – 30.036 0C while rainfall intensity is 0.586 mm/day -14.982 mm/day. The correlation of rainfall and SPL shows a high correlation. The results of this research show that decrease of sea surface temperature when IOD positive influence the decrease of rainfall intensity and increase of sea surface temperatire when IOD negatively influences the increase of rainfall intensity.

 

Keywords: Rainfall, IOD, Sea Surface Temperature
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Keywords: Curah hujan, IOD, Suhu Permukaan Laut

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