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ANALISIS POLA ARUS LAUT PERMUKAAN PERAIRAN INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SATELIT ALTIMETRI JASON-2 TAHUN 2010-2014

Program Studi Teknik Geodesi Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Received: 21 Apr 2016; Published: 2 May 2016.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK

 

Arus adalah gerakan mengalir suatu massa air yang disebabkan oleh tiupan angin, perbedaan densitas, atau pergerakan gelombang panjang. Akuisisi data arus menggunakan alat konvensional sangat sulit dilakukan untuk wilayah luas dan memerlukan biaya yang besar, oleh karena itu digunakan data dari satelit Altimetri Jason-2 yang menawarkan data mengenai arah dan kecepatan angin yang nantinya melalui metode perhitungan didapatkan data arus laut permukaan Perairan Indonesia.

Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di wilayah perairan Indonesia dengan letak geografis 6°08' LU - 11°15' LS, dan dari 94°45' BT - 141°05' BT. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data GDR (Geophysical Data Record) Satelit Altimetri Jason-2 tahun 2010-2014. Data GDR berisikan 36 pass (jalur orbit) dalam satu cycle, dimana satu cycle di tempuh dalam waktu sepuluh hari. Metode yang digunakan adalah perhitungan arah dan kecepatan arus laut permukaan tiap cycle dengan persamaan Stewart.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Saat terjadi angin muson Barat, angin bertiup dari Barat menuju Timur, sehingga arus juga bergerak dari arah Benua Asia menuju ke Benua Australia. Saat terjadi angin muson Timur, angin bertiup dari arah Timur menuju Barat, sehingga arus juga bergerak dari arah Benua Australia menuju ke Benua Asia. Sedangkan saat terjadi musim peralihan, baik saat peralihan dari muson Barat ke muson Timur maupun saat peralihan dari muson Timur ke muson Barat pergerakan arus tidak teratur dan cenderung terbagi menjadi dua arah yakni dari Benua Asia menuju Benua Australia dan dari Benua Australia menuju Benua Asia namun kecepatan arusnya rata-rata adalah lemah di hampir seluruh perairan di Indonesia. Pola arus laut permukaan hasil pemodelan menunjukkan beberapa arah arus yang tidak megikuti model arus Wyrtki, namun tedapat juga beberapa arah arus yang memiliki kemiripan dan mengikuti model arus Wyrtki di lokasi perairan yang dijadikan sampel seperti di Laut Arafuru, perairan sekitar pulau Jawa, perairan sebelah barat pulau Sumatera, perairan sebelah utara pulau Papua, dan Selat Karimata.

 

Kata Kunci : Arus Laut Permukaan, Model Arus Wyrtki, Satelit Altimetri Jason-2

  

 

ABSTRACT

 

Ocean Current is a mass movement of flowing water caused by wind, differences in density, or long wave movement. At the present time many ocean currents used for various purposes that support human life. However, current data acquisition using conventional tools is very difficult for the vast territory and require a huge cost, therefore we use data from altimetry satellites. With the development of altimetry satellite system, one of the Jason-2 altimetry satellites which offer data on wind direction and the speed of wind that will go through the calculation method to get the surface ocean currents data of Indonesian waters.

This study took place in Indonesian waters which is located within 6 ° 08 'N - 11 ° 15' S and 94 ° 45 'E - 141 ° 05' E. The data used in this research is GDR (Geophysical Data Record) data of Jason-2 altimetry satellites in 2010-2014. GDR data contains 36 pass (the orbital paths) in a single cycle, which one cycle can be reached within ten days. The method used is the calculation of the direction and speed of ocean currents surface of each cycle with Stewart equation.

The results of this study indicate that when West monsoon occurs from December to February, the wind is blowing from the West to the East, so the current is also moving from the Asian continent towards the Australian Continent. In the event of East monsoon which is from June to August, the wind is blowing from the East to the West, so the current is also moving from the Australian continent towards the Asian continent. Meanwhile, during a transitional season either the transition from monsoon West to monsoon East which is from March to May and during the transition from monsoon East to monsoon West which is from September to November, the current’s movement is irregular and tend to fall into two directions, ie from the Asian continent towards Australian continent and from the Australian continent to the Asian continent, but the average speed of the current is weak in almost all Indonesian waters. The current pattern of sea surface modeling results indicate some current directions are not the same as Wyrtki current model, but some current directions are also the same as Wyrtki current model in several water location samples such as Arafuru Sea, the water around the Java island, the water west of the Sumatra island, the water north of the Papua island, and the Strait of Karimata.

 

Keywords : Ocean Surface current, Wyrtki current model, Altimetry Satellite Jason-2

 

 

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Keywords: Arus Laut Permukaan, Model Arus Wyrtki, Satelit Altimetri Jason-2

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