DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.11.4.605-615

PENERAPAN SMOOTHING B-SPLINES PADA HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN TINGKAT KEBAHAGIAAN

*Muhammad Fajar  -  Badan Pusat Statistik, Indonesia
Eko Fajariyanto  -  Badan Pusat Statistik, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright 2023 Jurnal Gaussian under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

This study aimed to model the smoothing of B-splines on the relationship between happiness and economic growth. The method used in this research is smoothing B-splines, which were in the process of determining knots and smoothing parameters (λ) based on the minimum GCV. The data used in the study came from Badan Pusat Statistik-Statistics Indonesia. The results of this study concluded that the smoothing of B-splines is quite good at modeling the relationship between the level of happiness (response variable) and economic growth (predictor variable). The smoothing B-splines model can explain the variation in the level of happiness by 71.583 percent.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: economic growth; happiness; model;, spline; nonparametrics

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
PREDIKSI TINGKAT TEMPERATUR KOTA SEMARANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY (LSTM) PEMODELAN KURS RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AMERIKA SERIKAT MENGGUNAKAN REGRESI NONPARAMETRIK CAMPURAN KERNEL DAN SPLINE PENGARUH KONVEKSITAS TERHADAP SENSITIVITAS HARGA JUAL DAN DELTA-NORMAL VALUE AT RISK (VAR) PORTOFOLIO OBLIGASI PEMERINTAH MENGGUNAKAN DURASI EKSPONENSIAL More recent articles
  1. Argyle, M. 2001. The Psychology of Happiness, 2nd Edition. New York: Routledge
  2. Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS]. 2015. Indeks Kebahagiaan Indonesia Tahun 2014. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik
  3. Beja, E. L. 2014a. ‘Income growth and happiness: reassessment of the Easterlin Paradox’. International Review of Economics, 61(4), pp. 329–346. doi: 10.1007/s12232-014-0211-y
  4. Beja, E. L. 2014b. ‘Empirics on the Long Run Relationship Between Economic Growth and Happiness’. Forum for Social Economics, 44(1), pp. 3–17
  5. Blanchflower, D.G. and Oswald, A.J. 1994. ‘Estimating a wage curve for
  6. Britain’, The Economic Journal, 104 (426), pp. 1025 – 1043
  7. Boldeanu, F.T. and Constantinescu, L. 2015. ‘The main determinants affecting economic growth’, Bulletin Transilvania. University of Brasov Series V: Economic Sciences, vol. 8 (57), No.2
  8. Campante, F. R., & Yanagizawa-Drott, D. 2014. ‘Does Religion Affect Economic Growth and Happiness? Evidence from Ramadan’, SSRN Electronic Journal
  9. Clark, A. E. and Oswald, A.J. 1994. ‘Unhappiness and unemployment’, The Economic Journal, 104 (424), pp. 648–659
  10. Clark, A. E., Frijters, P. and Shields, M.A. 2008. ‘Relative income, happiness, and utility: An explanation for the easterlin paradox and other puzzles’, Journal of Economic Literature, 46 (1), pp. 95–144
  11. Clark, A. E., Flèche, S., and Senik, C. 2016. ‘Economic Growth Evens Out Happiness: Evidence from Six Surveys’, The Review of income and wealth, 62(3), pp. 405–419
  12. de Boor, C. 2001. A Practical Guide to Splines, Revised Edition. Berlin, Springer
  13. Devi, A.R., Pratama, R.F.W., and Suparti. 2019. ‘Comparison of generalized cross validation and unbiased risk method for selecting optimal knot in spline truncated’, Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1217. 012094
  14. Easterlin, R. A. 1995. ‘Will raising the incomes of all increase the happiness of all?’, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 27, pp. 35-47
  15. Easterlin, R. A. 2013. ‘Happiness and economic growth: the evidence’, IZA Discussion Paper No. 7187
  16. Eilers, P.H.C. and Marx, B.D. 1996. ‘Flexible smoothing with B-splines and penalties’, Statistical Science, 11(2), pp. 89–121
  17. Eubank, R.L. 1999. Nonparametric Regression and Spline Smoothing, Second ed. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York
  18. Esmaiel, A. and Donya, A. 2013, ‘Macroeconomics Factors Affecting Happiness’, International Journal of Business and Development Studies, 5(1), pp. 5 – 22
  19. Fotourehchi, Z., and Ebrahimpour, H. 2019. ‘Happiness, economic growth and air pollution: an empirical investigation’, International Journal of Happiness and Development, 5(1), pp. 1-13
  20. Frey, B.S. and Stutzer, A. 2000. ‘Happiness, economy and institutions’, The
  21. Economic Journal, 110 (466), pp. 918–938
  22. Goepp, V., Bouaziz, O. and Nuel, G. 2018. ‘Spline Regression with Automatic Knot Selection’, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1808.01770
  23. Graham, C. and Pettinato, S. 2002. ‘Happiness and hardship: Opportunity and
  24. insecurity in new market economies’, Foreign affairs (Council on Foreign Relations), 81(5)
  25. Huang, P. H. 2008. ‘Authentic happiness, self-knowledge and legal policy’, The Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology, 9 (2), pp. 755–784
  26. Kuznets, S. (1973). ‘Modern economic growth: findings and reflections’, The American economic review, 63(3), pp. 247-258
  27. Lelkes, O. 2006. ‘Tasting freedom: Happiness, religion and economic transition’, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 59 (2): 173–194
  28. Luo, C. 2017. ‘Income growth and happiness growth in China’, Economic and Political Studies, 5(3), pp. 266–284
  29. Meyer, M. C. 2012. ‘Constrained penalized splines’, Canadian Journal of Statistics, 40(1), pp. 190–206
  30. Ng, Y. K. 1997. ‘A case for happiness, cardinal utility, and interpersonal comparability’, Economic Journal, 107(445), pp. 1848-1858
  31. Rus, A.V., and Blăjan, A.G., 2021. ‘The relationship between economic growth and happiness’, PressAcademia Procedia (PAP), 14, 175-177
  32. Seligman, M. E. P. 2002. Authentic Happiness: Using The New Positive Psychology To
  33. Realize Your Potential For Lasting Fulfillment. New York: Free Press
  34. Senik, C. 2014. ‘Wealth and happiness’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 30(1), pp. 92-108
  35. Shields, M.A. and Price, S.W. 2005. ‘Exploring the economic and social determinants of psychological well-being and perceived social support in
  36. England’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society, 168 (3), pp. 513–537
  37. Spiriti, S., Eubank, R., Smith, P.W., and Young, D. 2013. ‘Knot selection for least-squares and penalized splines’, Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 83(6), pp. 1020–1036
  38. Utami, T. W., Haris, M. A., Prahutama, A., and Purnomo, E. A. 2020. ‘Optimal knot selection in spline regression using unbiased risk and generalized cross validation methods’, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1446, 012049
  39. Zhou, L., and Pan, H. 2013. ‘Smoothing noisy data for irregular regions using penalized bivariate splines on triangulations’, Computational Statistics, 29(1-2), pp. 263–281

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.