STRUKTUR DAN POLA RUANG KAMPUNG UMA LENGGE BERDASARKAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DI DESA MARIA, KABUPATEN BIMA NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

Abstract

Abstrak: Kampung Tradisional Uma lengge merupakan kampung yang memiliki kompleks bangunan peninggalan budaya yang sudah berumur ratusan tahun dan telah resmi dijadikan sebagai obyek wisata serta cagar alam oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Bima. Pada umumnya, Uma Lengge memiliki beberapa fungsi, yaitu sebagai tempat tinggal sekaligus sebagai tempat penyimapanan hasil panen. Namun, kompleks Uma Lengge yang berada di Desa Maria ini merupakan kompleks bangunan rumah kuno yang dimanfaatkan hanya sebagai tempat penyimpanan hasil bumi, seperti padi, jagung, dan lain sebagainya. Tata letak kompleks Uma Lengge ini sangat berhubungan dengan tradisi suku Bima, terutama masyarakat di sekitar kampung tradisional Uma Lengge tersebut. Keberadaan kompleks tradisional Uma Lengge sejak ratusan tahun yang lalu, sejalan dengan kebutuhan masyarakatnya, mengakibatkan struktur dan pola ruang yang ada menjadi seperti tak terencana.

     Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji struktur dan pola ruang perkampungan berdasarkan kearifan lokal di Desa Maria, Kabupaten Bima dan apa saja yang menyebabkan terbentuknya struktur dan pola ruang tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Bima merupakan contoh kota tradisional atau rural yang sebagian wilayahnya tidak terencana, yang memiliki kampung-kampung tradisional dengan ciri khas rumah panggung. Kampung Tradisional Uma Lengge ini memiliki bentuk figure ground yang bersifat homogen. Secara fisik terdapat area tambahan karena kebutuhan masyarakat akan ruang untuk mengadakan upacara adat setiap tahun ketika musim panen berakhir yaitu upacara Ampa Fare, yang mengakui bahwa setiap makhluk hidup pasti memiliki cara tersendiri dalam berdoa kepada sang pencipta.

Kata Kunci : Struktur Pola Ruang, Kearifan  Lokal, Uma Lengge, Bima

Abstract: Traditional Kampung Uma lengge is a village which has complex cultural heritage buildings hundreds of years old and has been officially in use as a tourist attraction as well as a nature reserve by the government of Bima . In general , Uma Lengge has several functions , namely as a residence and also a storage crop . However , Uma Lengge complex which is  in the village of Maria is an ancient complex houses of building used only as a storage crops , such as rice , corn , and so forth . Uma Lengge complex layout is highly correlated to all Bima ethnic traditions , especially the traditional village communities around the Lengge Uma . As traditional complex Lengge Uma has existed since hundreds of years ago , and the Uma Lengge community’s necessity , lead the structure and patterns of existing space into such unplanned . seeing this problems above , it can be concluded that the research question is how local knowledge can shape the structure and spatial patterns of Traditional Kampung Uma Lengge in Bima. The purpose of this study was to examine the structure and pattern of settlement space based on local wisdom in the village of Maria , Bima and to know what causes the formation of structures and patterns of space in one of the traditional village complex Uma Traditional Lengge in Bima . The results of this study is an example of Bima traditional or rural town that partly unplanned , which has traditional villages with distinctive feature of stage house . Uma Lengge and Jompa as  a traditional village in the village of Uma Lengge Maria is a legacy handed down from ancestors Mbojo Fund . Traditional village Uma Lengge of figure ground has a shape that is homogeneous . Physically, there are additional areas that exist in the traditional village of Uma Lengge because society will need space to hold a traditional ceremony every year. When the harvest season ends Ampa Fare will perform in the ceremony , which recognizes that every living things must have its own way for  praying to the Creator .

Keywords: Pattern Space Structures, Local Wisdom, Uma Lengge, Bima