PENGARUH VARIASI AGITATION SPEED PADA PROSES ELEKTRODEPOSISI TERHADAP KETAHANAN KOROSI LAPISAN KOMPOSIT Zn–CaCO₃ BERBASIS CANGKANG TELUR PADA BAJA AISI 1018 DI LINGKUNGAN BIODIESEL

*Alif Sendi Riyananta  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Jamari Jamari  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia

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Abstract

Penggunaan biodiesel B40 sebagai bahan bakar campuran nasional menghadirkan tantangan terhadap ketahanan korosi material logam, khususnya baja karbon rendah AISI 1018 yang banyak digunakan pada sistem penyimpanan dan distribusi bahan bakar. Sifat biodiesel yang higroskopis dan mudah teroksidasi dapat mempercepat laju korosi, sehingga diperlukan lapisan pelindung yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi agitation speed (400, 600, dan 800 rpm) pada proses elektrodeposisi terhadap sifat mekanis, mikrostruktur, dan ketahanan korosi lapisan komposit Zn–CaCO₃ berbasis Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) dari limbah cangkang telur pada baja AISI 1018 di lingkungan biodiesel B40. Metode penelitian meliputi preparasi CaCO₃ melalui kalsinasi dan rekarbonasi, elektrodeposisi dengan arus 0,225 A selama 20 menit, serta karakterisasi menggunakan uji kekerasan Vickers, kekasaran permukaan (Ra), ketebalan lapisan, SEM, XRD, dan pengujian weight loss selama 21 hari perendaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi 600 rpm memberikan performa optimum, dengan ketebalan lapisan tertinggi (120 µm), kekerasan tertinggi (99,5 HV), kekasaran permukaan relatif rendah (0,590 µm), morfologi permukaan lebih homogen dan kompak, serta laju korosi terendah (4,55 µm/tahun) yang termasuk kategori C₂ (Low Corrosivity) menurut ISO 9223. Analisis XRD pada spesimen optimum mengonfirmasi komposisi fasa Zn (75,6%), CaCO₃ (15,1%), dan Fe (9,3%), membuktikan keberhasilan inkorporasi CaCO₃ ke dalam matriks Zn. Sebaliknya, agitation speed 800 rpm menurunkan kualitas lapisan akibat turbulensi berlebih yang meningkatkan porositas dan kekasaran permukaan. Dengan demikian, agitation speed 600 rpm merupakan kondisi optimum dalam elektrodeposisi lapisan komposit Zn–CaCO₃ untuk meningkatkan ketahanan korosi baja AISI 1018 di lingkungan biodiesel B40.

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Keywords: agitation speed; biodiesel B40; elektrodeposisi; ketahanan korosi; komposit Zn–CaCO₃
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