ANALISIS INTERAKSI FLUIDA–STRUKTUR DUA ARAH PADA FLAPPING WING MENGGUNAKAN UNSTEADY VORTEX LATTICE METHOD (UVLM) DAN COROTATIONAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (CR-FEM)

*Bagus Setyawan  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Ismoyo Haryanto  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Gunawan Dwi Haryadi  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia

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Abstract

Penelitian ini mengembangkan kerangka simulasi interaksi fluida–struktur (FSI) dua arah untuk menganalisis karakteristik aeroelastis flapping wing pada Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) sekaligus mengevaluasi potensi pemanenan energi piezoelektrik. Kopling dibangun antara Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) sebagai solver aerodinamika tak tunak dan Corotational Finite Element Method (CR-FEM) dengan elemen pelat MZC, dikelola oleh algoritma IQN-ILS. Sayap dimodelkan sebagai pelat polikarbonat rektangular (chord 80 mm, span 200 mm, AR = 2,5, tebal 1 mm) dengan gerak flapping sinusoidal 12 Hz pada amplitudo 15° di rentang kecepatan V = 5–17 m/s. Validasi model menghasilkan deviasi frekuensi natural bending pertama −2,5% terhadap teori Blevins dan MAE = 0,0296 N pada gaya angkat UVLM. Kecepatan flutter kritis teridentifikasi pada V_flutter = 11,2 m/s melalui tiga metode independen: analisis Hilbert envelope, Short-Time Fourier Transform, dan pelacakan amplitudo per pita frekuensi. Mekanisme instabilitas berupa single-DOF bending flutter akibat negative aerodynamic damping pada regime highly unsteady — bukan classical bending–torsion flutter — karena konfigurasi CG = EA menghilangkan inertial coupling. Pemanenan energi menggunakan patch PVDF menghasilkan P_avg ≈ 7,6–7,8 mW, di mana tegangan puncak V_peak terbukti sepuluh kali lebih sensitif terhadap transisi flutter dibandingkan V_rms.

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Keywords: aeroelastisitas; flapping wing; interaksi fluida–struktur; mav; piezoelektrik
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