UJI KARAKTERISTIK TURBINE PELTON DENGAN VARIASI SPEED DAN LOAD

*Aldila Daffa Adhiono  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Khoiri Rozi  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia

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Abstract

Turbin Pelton merupakan jenis turbin impuls yang umum digunakan pada sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga air (PLTA) dengan karakteristik head tinggi dan debit rendah. Kinerja turbin ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh parameter operasi seperti kecepatan putar (speed) dan beban (load). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik kerja turbin Pelton terhadap variasi kedua parameter tersebut guna menentukan kondisi operasi optimal. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental menggunakan model turbin skala laboratorium tipe HM 150.19. Parameter yang diukur meliputi debit (Q), head (H), kecepatan putar (n), torsi (τ), dan daya keluaran poros (BHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan beban menyebabkan penurunan putaran namun meningkatkan torsi hingga titik tertentu. Efisiensi turbin mencapai nilai maksimum pada kombinasi speed dan load tertentu sebelum akhirnya menurun akibat rugi-rugi mekanis dan hidrolik.

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Keywords: beban; efisiensi; kecepatan putar; mikrohidro; turbin pelton
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