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KARAKTERISASI MATERIAL PERAPAT SOFC BERBASIS RHA, ALUMINA, DAN MAGNESIA

*Raka Ramananda  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Sulistyo Sulistyo  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Gunawan Dwi Haryadi  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia

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Abstract
Krisis energi global dan tuntutan dekarbonisasi mendorong pengembangan teknologi Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). Namun, efisiensi jangka panjang SOFC sangat bergantung pada integritas komponen sealant (perapat) dalam mencegah kebocoran gas pada suhu tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan material sealant berbasis sistem SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO yang ekonomis dan berkelanjutan dengan memanfaatkan limbah Abu Sekam Padi (RHA) sebagai sumber silika amorf. Material komposit difabrikasi melalui metode pencampuran mekanik (ball milling) dan kompaksi dengan variasi pengikat Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) sebesar 0,3 g, 0,35 g, dan 0,4 g, diikuti proses sintering pada suhu 1300°C. Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan XRF, XRD, SEM, dan uji permeabilitas gas standar ASTM D6539-13. Hasil uji XRF menunjukkan peningkatan konsentrasi silika menjadi 25,80% pasca-sintering akibat dekomposisi material organik. Analisis XRD mengungkap terbentuknya fasa kristalin dominan Cristobalite (±77,0%) yang memberikan stabilitas termal, berdampingan dengan fasa amorf yang berfungsi mengisi celah antar-partikel, serta fasa Corundum sebagai penguat mekanik. Pengamatan SEM memperlihatkan mikrostruktur yang terintegrasi baik dengan porositas tertutup. Evaluasi kinerja menunjukkan bahwa formulasi dengan 0,3 g PVA menghasilkan nilai permeabilitas terendah dan paling stabil pada kisaran 0,018–0,019 Darcy. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa komposit keramik berbasis RHA memiliki karakteristik struktur dan kemampuan penahanan gas yang memenuhi persyaratan sebagai material perapat SOFC yang efektif.
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Keywords: abu sekam padi; permeabilitas; sealant; sintering; solid oxide fuel cell (sofc)
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