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STUDI NUMERIK BURNER BATUBARA PULVERIZED DENGAN PLASMA FUEL SYSTEM DAN VARIASI CO-FIRING BIOMASSA

*Muhammad Rizqi Azmi Attaqi  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
MSK Tony Suryo Utomo  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia
Muchammad Muchammad  -  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia

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Abstract

Ketersediaan energi terbarukan menjadi tantangan besar di Indonesia maupun dunia. PLTU berbahan bakar batubara masih dominan karena ekonomis, namun memiliki dampak lingkungan yang serius. Penelitian ini menyajikan studi numerik pembakaran batubara pulverized dengan Plasma Fuel System (PFS) serta variasi co-firing biomassa serbuk gergaji (sawdust). Tujuan utama adalah mengevaluasi plasma sebagai pengganti fuel oil pada saat start-up, menganalisis pengaruh co-firing terhadap temperatur outlet, serta menilai dampaknya pada emisi gas buang. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan CFD dengan model species transport, Discrete Phase Model (DPM) untuk partikel, serta reaksi volumetrik berbasis Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM). Hasil menunjukkan plasma mampu menghasilkan zona temperatur awal sangat tinggi (3500 K), sehingga mempercepat inisiasi pembakaran batubara tanpa kebutuhan fuel oil. Co-firing biomassa hingga 30% meningkatkan temperatur outlet dan distribusi panas, namun pada kadar lebih tinggi temperatur menurun karena rendahnya nilai kalor dan kandungan air biomassa. Selain itu, peningkatan biomassa menurunkan emisi CO, CO₂, dan SO₂, tetapi cenderung meningkatkan O₂ akibat berkurangnya intensitas pembakaran. Emisi NOx justru naik, karena berkurangnya CO sebagai reduktor membuat thermal NOx dari plasma tidak tereduksi optimal.

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Keywords: co-firing biomassa; pembakaran batubara pulverized; plasma fuel system; simulasi cfd
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