Implementasi Kebijakan Kendaraan Listrik dalam Rangka Ketahanan Energi Nasional: Analisis Komparatif Indonesia dan China

Abstract

Electric vehicle policy is one of the key strategies in supporting national energy security and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the implementation of electric vehicle policies in Indonesia and China by highlighting aspects of regulation, economic incentives, infrastructure development, and technology adoption by society and industry, using Merilee S. Grindle's policy model, which considers two factors: policy content and context. The research employs a qualitative approach with content analysis techniques. Data were obtained through literature review,policy documents, official websites, and social media analysis. The findings indicate that China has successfully developed an electric vehicle ecosystem through comprehensive policies, including substantial investments in charging infrastructure, electric vehicle subsidies, incentives for both producers and consumers, and the promotion of local industry-driven electric vehicle production. In contrast, although Indonesia has introduced policies to accelerate electric vehicle adoption, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited infrastructure, suboptimal incentives, uneven public acceptance, regulatory inconsistencies across regions, and high vehicle prices. This study recommends enhancing synergy between the government and the private sector in the development of Indonesia’s electric vehicle infrastructure. Additionally, more competitive incentive policies, effective communication strategies, and public education are needed to boost electric vehicle adoption. With a more integrated approach, Indonesia's electric vehicle policies are expected to contribute significantly to national energy security, emissions reduction, and the achievement of sustainable development targets.