IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN ZONASI BEBAS AIR TANAH DALAM MENGATASI BANJIR ROB YANG BERKELANJUTAN DI KECAMATAN SEMARANG UTARA

Abstract

North Semarang District is a coastal area experiencing land subsidence and recurrent tidal flooding (rob), with subsidence rates reported by various sources ranging from 7 to 13 centimeters per year. Groundwater extraction is identified as one of the main contributing factors. The Semarang City Government issued Semarang Mayor Regulation Number 23 of 2023 concerning Groundwater-Free Zoning to restrict groundwater extraction in critical zones, including North Semarang. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the regulation and to identify the factors that hinder it. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with three informants (the Bintari Foundation NGO, the Tirta Moedal Regional Drinking Water Company, and the North Semarang Sub-district Office), complemented by secondary data from regulations, official statistics, academic studies, and news reports. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, organized around the six variables of the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation model. The results indicate that the policy has been carried out with strong institutional support and a design consistent with the causal chain linking groundwater extraction, land subsidence, and tidal flooding. However, implementation remains suboptimal due to a gap between regulatory strictness and the readiness of substitute water services, weak supervisory and enforcement capacity against concealed violations, cost disparities among groundwater, PAMSIMAS, and piped water, and uneven policy communication down to the grassroots level. The policy's effect on land subsidence and tidal flooding cannot yet be concluded because it is indirect and requires long-term monitoring.