PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN DENGAN ENZIM PAPAIN PADA PROSES BATING TERHADAP KUALITAS KULIT IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) SAMAK

Abstract

Bating merupakan salah satu tahapan proses penyamakan yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan sebagian atau seluruh zat kulit yang bukan kolagen. Papain merupakan bahan alami yang mengandung enzim  protease cukup tinggi yang dapat menghilangkan zat non  kolagen dalam kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman dengan konsentrasi enzim papain terbaik terhadap kualitas kulit ikan nila samak. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan lama perendaman menggunakan enzim papain dilakukan tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lama perendaman menggunakan konsentrasi enzim papain terbaik sebesar 1,5% berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kualitas fisik yaitu kekuatan tarik, kemuluran dan kekuatan sobek dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kualitas fisik suhu kerut dan kualitas kimia kadar krom oksida. Kulit ikan nila samak dengan perlakuan lama perendaman 45 menit pada proses bating memiliki kekuatan fisik dan kimia terbaik yaitu, kekuatan tarik (2046,9 N/cm²); kemuluran (69,2%); kekuatan sobek (445,5 N/cm); suhu kerut (101^oC) dan kadar krom oksida (3,57%).

Bating was one of the stages of the process of tanning that aims to eliminate some or all non collagen substances of the skin. Papain was a natural ingredient that contains enzymes of protease high enough which can be able to eliminate non collagen substances of the skin. The purpose of this research were to know the effect of long soaking with best papain enzyme concentration to quality of tanned tilapia skin. This research used completely randomized design (CRD) with long soaking treatments on the bating process with three replications. Results of this research showed that difference of long soaking with five treatments were 15; 30; 45; 60; 75 minutes that used papain best 1,5% had significant effect (P<0.05) for physical quality were tensile strength, elongation, and tear strength. Meanwhile had not siginificant effect (P<0.05) for the physical quality was shrinkage temperature and chemical quality was contains of chrome oxide. Tanned tilapia skin with long soaking 45 minutes on the process of bating had the best of physical and chemical quality were the tensile strength (2046.9 N/cm²); elongation (69.2%);  tear strength (445.5 N/cm); shrinkage temperature (101^oC) and contains of chrome oxide (3.57%).