Screening Aktivitas Antibakteri Isolat Bakteri Endofit Mangrove dari Kawasan Mangrove Karangsong, Indramayu

Abstract

Multidrugs Resistance (MDR) adalah sebuah kasus dimana bakteri memiliki kemampuan resistensi terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Permasalahan ini akan menjadi semakin kronis hingga diprediksi akan terjadi 10 juta kematian sampai tahun 2050. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan eksplorasi senyawa antibiotik yang mampu melawan bakteri patogen yang telah memiliki resistensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik dan potensi aktivitas antibakteri melalui perbedaan metode uji antibakteri dan media kultur dari bakteri endofit mangrove jenis Avicennia sp. dan Rhizophora sp. terhadap bakteri patogen Escherichia coli K12, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698, dan Bacillus megaterium DSM32. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental untuk menguji optimasi perbedaan media kultur dan metode uji antibakteri, yaitu media TSA dan PDA serta metode agar plug dan kertas cakram. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa zona inhibisi yang diproduksi menggunakan metode agar plug berkategori sangat kuat (AA6T, AA5P,dan AA28P sebesar 37,35 mm, dan 30 mm terhadap B. megaterium serta 24,5 mm terhadap M. luteus), kuat (AA9P & AA9T sebesar 13.7 dan 11,3 mm terhadap B. megaterium), sedang (AR13P & AR13T sebesar 9,7 mm terhadap B. megaterium), dan lemah (AA7P & DA10T sebesar 3 dan 2,1 mm terhadap B. megaterium)  sedangkan pada metode difusi kertas cakram hanya berkategori lemah (DR4P dan AA8T sebesar 5,05 mm dan 5,75 terhadap B. megaterium). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa isolat bakteri endofit mangrove jenis Avicennia sp. dan Rhizophora sp. memiliki potensi sebagai sumber senyawa antibakteri dan zona inhibisi yang diproduksi lebih besar menggunakan metode difusi agar plug serta perbedaan media akan berpengaruh terhadap zona inhibisi yang diproduksi.

Multidrug Resistance (MDR) is a case where bacteria have the ability to resist multiple antibiotics. This problem will become increasingly chronic until it is predicted that there will be 10 million deaths by 2050. Therefore, it is necessary to explore antibiotic compounds that are able to against pathogenic bacteria that already have resistance.The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and antibacterial potential of mangrove endophytic bacteria isolated from Avicennia sp. and Rhizophora sp. using different antibacterial test methods and culture media, against the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli coli K12, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698, and Bacillus megaterium DSM32. Experimental method was applied to test the optimization of different culture media and antibacterial test methods, namely TSA and PDA media as well as agar plug and paper disc methods. The results of this study revealed that the inhibition zones produced using the agar plug method were categorized as very strong (AA6T, AA5P, and AA28P by 37.35 mm, and 30 mm against B. megaterium and 24.5 mm against M. luteus), strong (AA9P & AA9T by 13.7 and 11.3 mm against B. megaterium), moderate (AA9P & AA9T by 13.7 and 11.3 mm against M. luteus), and strong (AA9P & AA9P by 13.3 mm against B. megaterium). megaterium), moderate (AR13P & AR13T by 9.7 mm against B. megaterium), and weak (AA7P & DA10T by 3 and 2.1 mm against B. megaterium) while in the disc paper diffusion method only categorized as weak (DR4P and AA8T by 5.05 mm and 5.75 against B. megaterium). Mangrove endophytic bacterial isolates of Avicennia sp. and Rhizophora sp. have potential as a source of antibacterial compounds and the inhibition zone produced is greater using the agar plug diffusion method and differences in media will affect the inhibition zone produced.