Keanekaragaman Jenis Gastropoda Sebagai Indikator Kesehatan Ekosistem Mangrove di Teluk Benoa, Bali

Abstract

Kesehatan ekosistem hutan mangrove dapat dinilai dengan keanekaragaman biota yang berasiosiasi di dalamnya, dimana biota tersebut menjadi salah satu indikator kesehatan hutan mangrove. Hutan mangrove memiliki peran diantaranya, membantu perputaran mata rantai makanan, menjadi tempat tinggal banyak biota, dan tempat pemijahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesehatan hutan mangrove berdasarkan keanekaragaman gastropoda di Teluk Benoa. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret – April 2024 dengan metode transek kuadrat berukuran 1x1 m pada 4 stasiun. Masing-masing stasiun terdapat 3 titik dan setiap titik dibuat 5 transek pengamatan sehingga total transek pengamatan adalah 60. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh 20 spesies gastropoda dari 6 famili antara lain Potamididae (6 spesies, yaitu Cerithidea cingulata, Cerithidea obtusa, Cerithidea Cerithidea pulchra, Terebralia sulcata, Terebralia palustris, Telescopium telescopium), Neritidae (7 spesies, yaitu Vittina turrita, Neritina turrita, Nerita picea, Nerita exuvia, Nerita planospira, Neritodryas dubia, Vittina gagates), Ellobiidae (2 spesies, yaitu Cassidula sulculosa, Cassidula aurisfelis), Littorinidae (2 spesies, yaitu Littoraria intermedia, Littoraria scabra), Muricidae (2 spesies, yaitu Chicoreus capucinus, Chicoreus groschi), dan Assimineidae (1 spesies, yaitu Spaerassimine miniata). Nilai kelimpahan gastropoda berkisar antara 0,6-11,53 ind/m² dengan kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu spesies Spaerassimine miniata dengan spesies dengan kelimpahan terendah yaitu spesies Neritodryas dubia. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman gastropoda berkisar antara 1,5-2,02, termasuk dalam kategori sedang dan tidak terdapat spesies yang dominan. Status kesehatan hutan mangrove Teluk Benoa berdasarkan keanekaragaman gastropoda termasuk dalam kategori jelek hingga kategori baik dengan persentase yaitu kondisi 17% jelek, 41% sedang, dan 42% baik.

The health of the mangrove forest ecosystem can be measured by the diversity of biota associated with it, where the biota is one of the indicators of the health of the mangrove forest. Mangrove forests have roles including helping the rotation of the food chain, being a place for many biota to live, and a spawning ground. This study aims to determine the health of mangrove forests based on the diversity of gastropods in Benoa Bay. This study was conducted in March - April 2024 using the 1x1 m quadrat transect method at 4 stations. Each station has 3 points and each point is made 5 observation transects so that the total observation transects are 60. Based on the research results, 20 species of gastropods from 6 families were obtained, including Potamididae (6 species, namely Cerithidea cingulata, Cerithidea obtusa, Cerithidea Cerithidea pulchra, Terebralia sulcata, Terebralia palustris, Telescopium telescopium), Neritidae (7 species, namely Vittina turrita, Neritina turrita, Nerita picea, Nerita exuvia, Nerita planospira, Neritodryas dubia, Vittina gagates), Ellobiidae (2 species, namely Cassidula sulculosa, Cassidula aurisfelis), Littorinidae (2 species, namely Littoraria intermedia, Littoraria scabra), Muricidae (2 species, namely Chicoreus capucinus, Chicoreus groschi), and Assimineidae (1 species, namely Spaerassimine miniata). The reporting value of gastropods ranges from 0.6-11.53 ind/m2 with the highest reporting being the Spaerassimine miniata species with the species with the lowest reporting being the Neritodryas dubia species. The gastropod diversity index value ranges from 1.5-2.02, included in the moderate category and there are no dominant species. The health status of the Benoa Bay mangrove forest based on gastropod diversity is included in the poor to good category with a percentage of conditions of 17% poor, 41% moderate, and 42% good.