Pengaruh Luasan Tutupan Kanopi Terhadap Tingkat Kerusakan Hutan Mangrove di Taman Edukasi Mangrove Purworejo, Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Mangrove adalah ekosistem yang memiliki ciri habitat khas dan unik dari segi vegetasi dan faunanya. Desa Gedangan merupakan salah satu desa yang memiliki ekosistem mangrove di wilayah Kecamatan Purwodadi, Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah.Vegetasi mangrove di Desa Gedangan mengalami degradasi yang disebabkan oleh penebangan pohon, konversi lahan menjadi tambak ikan dan udang, pembangunan pemukiman dan pembuatan lahan pertanian. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis persentase tutupan kanopi dan menganalisis tingkat kerusakan mangrove. Penelitian dilakukan di Taman Edukasi Mangrove Desa Gedangan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2022. Materi yang digunakan pada penelitian yaitu tumbuhan mangrove. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu metode deskriptif dengan penentuan lokasinya menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan data persentase tutupan kanopi mangrove menggunakan metode Hemispherical photography. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan bahan organik dan karbon di dalam substrat. Parameter lingkungan meliputi suhu, salinitas, pH, dan DO diukur secara insitu yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi perairan sekitar mangrove. Hasil penelitian nilai kerapatan mangrove jenis Rhizpohora mucronata yaitu 7567 (stasiun 1), 7467 (stasiun 2), 9433 (stasiun 3). Nilai kerapatan mangrove jenis Rhizophora mucronata memiliki kriteria baik dengan kerapatan yang padat sedangkan pada jenis Sonneratia alba memiliki kriteria rusak dengan kerapatan yang jarang, hal ini berdasarkan analisa kriteria baku kerusakan mangrove. Tutupan kanopi mangrove didapatkan hasil persentase sebesar 87,11% (stasiun 1), 89,38% (stasiun 2), 74,68% (stasiun 3). Kandungan bahan organik memiliki hasil sebesar 8,291% (stasiun 1), 8,541% (stasiun 2), 12,221 (stasiun 3). Kandungan karbon memiliki hasil sebesar 4,809% (stasiun 1), 4,954 (stasiun 2), 7,088% (stasiun 3).

Mangroves are ecosystems characterized by unique habitat features and distinctive vegetation and fauna. Gedangan Village is one of the villages with a mangrove ecosystem located in the Purwodadi District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java. The mangrove vegetation in Gedangan Village has experienced degradation due to tree cutting, land conversion into fish and shrimp ponds, urban development, and agricultural land expansion. The research aims to analyze the percentage of canopy cover and assess the level of mangrove damage. The study was conducted at the Mangrove Education Park in Gedangan Village in May-June 2022, using mangrove plants as the research material. The research utilized a descriptive method with location selection through purposive sampling. Canopy cover percentage data of mangroves were collected using Hemispherical Photography. Samples were taken to analyze the substrate's organic matter and carbon content. Environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen, were measured ex situ to assess the water conditions around the mangroves. The research results indicated that the density value of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove species was 7567 (Station 1), 7467 (Station 2), and 9433 (Station 3). Rhizophora mucronata mangroves were classified as having a "good" condition with dense density, while Sonneratia alba mangroves were categorized as "damaged" with sparse density, based on the analysis using mangrove damage criteria (Minister of Environment Decree No. 201 of 2004). Canopy cover of mangroves yielded percentage results of 87.11% (Station 1), 89.38% (Station 2), and 74.68% (Station 3). The organic matter content was measured at 8.291% (Station 1), 8.541% (Station 2), and 12.221% (Station 3), while the carbon content was found to be 4.809% (Station 1), 4.954% (Station 2), and 7.088% (Station 3).