Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Pengurai Mikroplastik Polyethylene Terephthalate dari Sedimen Ekosistem Mangrove Pasir Putih

Abstract

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) adalah salah satu polimer termoplastik paling banyak tersedia di pasar. PET digunakan untuk produksi botol atau wadah untuk minuman, seperti air, minuman ringan berkarbonasi, minuman jus, dan industri makanan. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ditemukan melimpah pada sedimen ekosistem mangrove di Pasir Putih Wonorejo pada musim hujan sebanyak 59%. Studi terbaru telah menunjukkan bahwa bakteri indigenous sedimen mangrove mampu mendegradasi mikroplastik. Sehingga, tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan potensi agen biodegradasi mikroplastik dari bakteri indigenous sedimen ekosistem mangrove di Pasir Putih Wonorejo. Bakteri diisolasi pada April 2022 dari sedimen ekosistem mangrove. Metode yang digunakan diawali dengan isolasi bakteri dari sedimen ekosistem mangrove Pasir Putih Wonorejo, kemudian digunakan untuk uji degradasi mikroplastik polyethylene terephthalate dan mengetahui jenis bakteri yang memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi mikroplastik. Hasil isolat bakteri yang didapat sebanyak 16 bakteri. Potensi bakteri yang menjadi agen biodegradasi dengan penurunan berat mikroplastik isolat bakteri SPP.1.1.3. sebesar 8,73%. Identifikasi molekuler dengan cara ekstraksi DNA 16S rRNA menunjukkan jenis Pseudoaltoromonas caenipelagi dengan homologi 99% pada database National Center Biotechnology Information. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa bakteri indigenous memiliki kemampuan sebagai agen biodegradasi mikroplastik.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely available thermoplastic polymers on the market. PET is used for the production of bottles or containers for beverages, such as water, carbonated soft drinks, juices, and the food industry. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is found abundantly in mangrove ecosystem sediments in Pasir Putih Wonorejo during the rainy season as much as 59%. Recent studies have shown that indigenous mangrove sediment bacteria are able to degrade microplastics. Thus, the purpose of this study was to find potential agents for biodegradation of microplastics from indigenous bacteria in mangrove ecosystem sediments Pasir Putih Wonorejo. Bacteria were isolated in April 2022 from mangrove ecosystem sediments. The method used begins with The isolation of bacteria from mangrove ecosystems sediments from Pasir Putih Wonorejo, then were used to assay biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics and to determine the types of bacteria that has ability to degrade microplastics. The results of isolated bacterial obtained were 16 bacterias. The potential bacteria that becoming agents of biodegradation by decreasing the weight of microplastic isolate SPP.1.1.3. by 8,73%. Molecular identification by extraction of DNA 16S rRNA showed the type of Pseudoaltoromonas caenipelagi with 99% homology in the National Center Biotechnology Information database. These results prove that indigenous bacteria have the ability as microplastic biodegradation agents.