Analisis Bentuk Mikroplastik pada Sedimen Pantai Mangrove di Kalimantan Barat

Abstract

Persebaran sampah plastik yang berasal dari kegiatan manusia akan berakhir pada pesisir laut. Sebesar 80% sampah plastik yang memberikan kontribusi negatif terhadap lingkungan akan mengalami pengendapan dan terdegradasi menjadi partikel mikroplastik. Ukuran partikel mikroplastik antara 0,3 - ≤5 mm berpotensi terendap dalam sedimen pantai, salah satunya jenis lingkungan bervegetasi mangrove. Penumpukan partikel mikroplastik di akar dan batang mangrove akan berdampak bagi pertumbuhan ekosistem serta biota air, oleh karena itu dilakukan perhitungan jumlah mikroplastik dengan analisis laboratorium berdasarkan identifikasi bentuk partikel. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan alat hand coring serta sekop sebagai pembanding jumlah mikroplastik di setiap titik. Tahapan analisis laboratorium terdiri dari pengeringan sampel, degradasi bahan organik, pemisahan densitas, filtrasi dan identifikasi visual mikroskop. Terdapat lima bentuk mikroplastik yang diperoleh yaitu fiber, fragmen, pellet, foam dan film. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan hand coring diperoleh hasil terbanyak partikel mikroplastik di setiap titik secara berurutan Titik C1, C2 dan C3 yaitu 85 fragmen, 67 fiber dan 133 fragmen. Sedangkan menggunakan alat sekop jumlah partikel terbanyak secara berurutan titik C1, C2 dan C3 yaitu 42 fiber, 76 fragmen dan 82 partikel fragmen. Perbedaan jumlah partikel di setiap titik dikarenakan banyak sumber pencemar secara alami, manusia dan existing lingkungan. Penelitian ini akan menjadi dasar penanggulangan dan minimalisir pengurangan sampah plastik untuk mengurangi dampak pencemaran mikroplastik dan konservasi di sedimen pantai Kalimantan Barat.

The spread of plastic waste originating from human activities will end up on sea coasts. As much as 80% of plastic waste which makes a negative contribution to the environment will experience deposition and be degraded into microplastic particles. Microplastic particle sizes between 0.3 - ≤5 mm have the potential to be deposited in coastal sediments, one type of mangrove vegetated environment. The buildup of microplastic particles in the roots and stems of mangroves will have an impact on the growth of the ecosystem and aquatic biota, therefore the amount of microplastics is calculated using laboratory analysis based on identification of the particle shape. Sampling was carried out using a hand coring tool and a shovel to compare the number of microplastics at each point. The laboratory analysis stages consist of sample drying, organic material degradation, density separation, filtration and microscope visual identification. There are five forms of microplastics obtained, namely fiber, fragments, pellets, foam and film. Sampling using hand coring resulted in the highest number of microplastic particles at each point, respectively Points C1, C2 and C3, namely 85 fragments, 67 fibers and 133 fragments. Meanwhile, using a shovel tool, the highest number of particles were at points C1, C2 and C3, namely 42 fibers, 76 fragments and 82 fragment particles. The difference in the number of particles at each point is due to the many sources of natural, human and environmental pollution. This research will be the basis for handling and minimizing the reduction of plastic waste to reduce the impact of microplastic pollution and conservation in West Kalimantan coastal sediments.