Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Pada Air, Sedimen, dan Kerang Darah (Anadara Granosa) di Muara Sungai Loji dan Perairan Pantai Sekitarnya, Kota Pekalongan

Abstract

: Kota Pekalongan merupakan sentra industri batik yang besar di Indonesia. Kegiatan industri batik di Pekalongan menjadi salah satu penghasil limbah cair sisa pewarna batik yang mengandung logam berat yang mencemari lingkungan perairan sungai-sungai. Penelitian kandungan logam Pb pada aliran dan muara Sungai Loji dan Perairan Pantai Pekalongan dilakukan pada Februari-Maret 2022. Sampel air, sedimen, dan kerang darah (Anadara granosa) dianalisis menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (AAS) di Laboratorium Departemen Teknik Lingkungan, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Lokasi penelitian dibagi menjadi 5 stasiun yang mewakili daerah terdampak limbah pewarna batik, yaitu pada aliran sungai, Tempat Pelelangan Ikan, muara sungai, perairan laut dangkal, dan perairan laut dalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) pada air berkisar antara 0,06-0,70 mg/l, pada sedimen berkisar antara 23,23-157,07 mg/kg, dan dalam jaringan lunak kerang darah berkisar antara 25,65-46,25 mg/kg. Faktor biokonsentrasi logam berat Pb pada kerang darah terhadap air berkisar antara 41,51-366,43. Batas aman konsumsi kerang darah yang dipanen dari Perairan Pantai Pekalongan berkisar antara 0,032-0,058 kg/minggu. Disimpulkan bahwa logam berat Pb pada air, sedimen, dan kerang darah (Anadara granosa) pada Muara Sungai Loji dan Perairan Sekitarnya, Kota Pekalongan termasuk dalam kategori telah tercemar karena telah melebihi batas baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan.

Pekalongan City is a large batik industry center in Indonesia. The batik industry activity in Pekalongan is one of the producers of liquid waste from batik dye residue, which contains heavy metals that pollute the aquatic environment. The study of Pb metal content in the flow and estuary of the Loji River and Pekalongan Coastal Waters was carried out in February-March 2022. Water, sediment, and samples of Anadara granosa were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) at the Laboratory of the Department of Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The research location is divided into five stations representing areas affected by batik dye waste: river flows, Fish Auction Places, river estuaries, shallow sea waters, and deepsea waters. The results showed that the heavy metal content of lead (Pb) in the water ranged from 0.06-0.70 ppm; in the sediment, it ranged from 23.23-157.07 ppm; and in the soft tissue of blood mussels, it ranged from 25.65-46.25 ppm. The bioconcentration factor of heavy metal Pb in blood clams to water ranged from 41.514-366.428. The safe limit for consumption of blood clams in Pekalongan waters ranges from 0.032-0.058 kg/week. It is concluded that the heavy metal Pb in water, sediment, and blood mussels (Anadara granosa) at the Loji River Estuary and the surrounding waters, Pekalongan City is in the polluted category because it has exceeded the quality standard limit that has been set.